Life history specific habitat utilisation of tropical fisheries species
The health and longevity of fisheries depend on access critical habitats appropriate to each particular life-history stage. While many key fisheries habitats are under threat from rapidly increasing coastal development, management of those habitats is severely hampered by very poor understanding of these life history-stage habitat requirements. This not only prevents effective management of critical fisheries resources but hampers the ability to direct development to enhance, rather than degrade fisheries value. At the moment many management and offsets actions are unsatisfactory to all users because they are based on incomplete understanding of fish-habitat relationships. This means actions and offsets rarely product tangible gains in ecosystem health or biodiversity, frustrating fishers, environmentalists, developers and governments alike. Not only can carefully designed developments provide new areas of critical habitat to replace habitats damaged in the past, but the opportunity exists for directing mandatory offsets from new coastal developments towards beneficial fisheries outcomes. This would provide the basis for greatly improved management of coastal fisheries habitats and would help to direct effective offset strategies, assist in directing fisheries friendly infrastructure design, and allow the development of metrics appropriate to the definitive measurement of specific fisheries outcomes from particular offset actions. Consequently, improved understanding of stage-specific habitat requirements of fisheries species is central to both the long-term health of fish stocks and fisheries productivity, and the effective management of coastal development to enhance fisheries values.
Final report
The life-cycle habitat requirements of coastal fisheries species; identifying key knowledge gaps and research needs
Coastal fisheries species require a series of connected habitats to complete essential life-history functions. Key habitats, like nurseries, are known for some species but the sequence of habitats used by juveniles is poorly known for most. Even where nurseries are known the relative values of alternative nurseries have not been determined, so we lack the ability to quantify the economic contributions of different habitats to fisheries production. Many habitats without apparent direct functional roles are vital as conduits between habitats critical for life-history needs. Similarly, spawning and forage sites are unknown for many species. The project provides the background to develop research detailing the life-cycle habitat and connectivity requirements of coastal fisheries species, so is the vital first step in gaining the knowledge needed by managers to understand and protect coastal habitats. It fills critical knowledge gaps identified in the DERM/QWP’s “Connectivity” project, and supports habitat classification and mapping work (e.g. QWP/DEEDI Coastal-wetlands mapping, OzCoasts). It will provide the basis for enhanced quantification of the ecological and economic importance of the chain of habitats necessary for healthy fisheries, thus addressing QFRAB 2011/12 priority 4 and priority 3. This will allow more precise management of species valuable to all fishing sectors, and provide pivotal information needed to incorporate fisheries values into impact and offset assessments for development proposals. Thus the work provides crucial information needed by Fisheries Queensland, DEEDI Fisheries Habitat Research, GBRMPA’s EC&SU and CE&WQ sections, and contributes to the long term ecological and economic health of Northern Australia’s fisheries.