At the time of writing this research proposal, many shark gillnet fishermen operating in waters off South Australia are not going out fishing because of the cost of 100% observer coverage (~$1000/day) and because many of their most valuable fishing grounds have been closed to protect Australian Sea Lions. Fishing and onshore businesses that are dependent on the catch of Gummy Shark are suffering extreme financial hardship and some are already up for sale. Although the current AFMA direction may only be in place for 6 months, it is likely to continue in some form, and many fishers cannot see a future for gillnets off SA because of their potential impact on ASLs and the measures that will need to be implemented to protect them. If their businesses are to become viable again and have any future, they need to find another method of targeting gummy shark. Demersal longlines offer that opportunity.

The fishery is now between a rock and a hard place: if it stays with gillnets, it faces an bleak future with concern about ASL and other TEP bycatch requiring, large closures and tighter management; by moving to longlines, ASL bycatch will be negligible but the bycatch of conservation-dependent School Sharks and different TEP species may be an issue as well as concern about high catches of fish targeted by neighbouring fisheries. Also, current management arrangements are critically dependent on the highly size-selective nature of current 6 inch gillnet mesh size which prevents the capture of large mature sharks and hence preserves the breeding population. Whilst it presently has significant opposition, the move to longlines seems the only future for SA gummy shark fishermen. A dedicated research project is required to answer many of the concerns about the use of demersal longlines to target Gummy Shark.