Fishrights '99 - use of property rights in fisheries management conference
World fisheries governance is rapidly evolving in response to modern imperatives both for improved environmental and natural resource management and for economic efficiency in an increasingly global economy. In re-examining the relationship between man and fishery resources, new forms of relations, more conducive to sustainability, are being conceived and tested.
Key questions we must ask are: Who should have access to the resources? What options are there for the form and the price of access rights? These difficult questions have very fundmental social, conomic, and political implications - and it is unlikely that a unique solution would fit every situation. Thus it is vital to exchange information on these situations, on new fisheries governance and rights approaches, and on the difficulties and outcomes of their implementation.
Property rights are a powerful institutional framework which society has evolved to enable people to exploit the natural environment in an orderly fashion. They constitute an institutional framework which operates according to rules of definition and conduct. Depending on the actual management regime, these may be formal and explicit or informal and implicit. There is a need to bring these differing views into open debate and explore avenues of common interest.
Informational exchange is vital as property rights (and the associated rules) define powers, duties and responsibilities for individuals or groups. As such they have the potential, when well defined, to enable conflicts between different users of a resource to be resolved, including resolution by market transaction involving the transfer of property.
This conference intends to contribute to this exchange of information on use of property rights in fisheries management by exploring the strategic, political, and operational issues of different forms of rights-based fisheries management worldwide.
Final report
Fisheries Western Australia, in conjunction with the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations, hosted 'FishRights99', an international Conference with the theme Use of Property Rights in Fisheries Management. The conference was held in Fremantle, Western Australia, in November 1999.
Property rights are a powerful institutional framework for society to manage the exploitation of the natural environment in an orderly manner. The framework may be implicit or explicit, formal or informal, depending on the social circumstances. Such frameworks are being increasingly seen as another mechanism for efficient and effective management of fish resources. The 'FishRights99' Conference was seen as a mechanism and forum to explore the international use of property rights.
In order to ensure that the full range of experiences were explored, an extensive program of eminent speakers was organised. In addition, funding was obtained to bring a range of participants from developing countries to the Conference.
The Conference was an overwhelming success and 343 delegates from over 50 countries contributed an enormous amount of know ledge about a vast range of rights-based fisheries management situations. The breadth of experiences and insights about the use of property rights created a unique opportunity to examine existing beliefs, encourage new ideas, and develop new solutions.
The final resolution of the Conference was that another conference be held in five years to further explore the development and application of rights based management.
Project products
Modelling Western Australian fisheries with techniques of time series analysis: examining data from a different perspective
1. Responsible management of fisheries requires an assessment of the
success of the management plan in achieving its objectives, together with
an assessment of the state of the fish stock and likely consequences of the
current and alternative management strategies. In many cases, the
management plan is intended to maintain the status quo. Trends in time
series of data, or values that fall outside the range of predicted outcomes,
may indicate that the status quo is not being maintained, or that significant
change has occurred within the system. Cost effective methods are
required to provide rapid feedback to fisheries managers that a major
perturbation has occurred, or that the system is changing, in order that
appropriate management action may be implemented.
2. Need to produce low-cost effective models for stock assessment and catch
prediction of Western Australian fisheries, especially those low-value
fisheries (eg., some finfish fisheries). With few biological assumptions and
simple mathematical forms, time series modeling may significantly reduce
modeling costs including research costs and computing costs. Time series
approaches may also significantly reduce model uncertainty, and therefore
may provide more reliable prediction results.
3. Need to reduce the risk of model failure through inadequate assumptions
regarding biological processes. Models currently used by Fisheries WA
involve often untenable biological assumptions, with the result that
predictions are conditional on the accuracy of the assumptions.
To reduce the risk of model failure through inadequate assumptions, it is
highly desirable to supplement the current models by applying techniques
such as time series methods that make few assumptions regarding the
biological processes and to compare predictions from the two modeling
approaches.
4. Need to incorporate economic data within the models. Little economic
modeling of Western Australian fisheries has been undertaken; and the changing relationships between supply and market demand (especially for the western rock lobster fishery) require study. As an extension of the VOM (Value Optimisation Model for western rock lobster) project (FRDC 97/104), the economic data collected in the earlier project require analysis to determine how these might best be incorporated into the existing models. This research project will address this need by using multivariate time series techniques to identify the relationships among the historical economic data, catch-effort data, exchange rate data, and other related data.
Given the above, time series modeling is seen as a highly valuable and strategic element of the research programme for Western Australian fisheries; the benefits of this project could be transferred Australia-wide to fisheries researchers allowing improved management advice.
Final report
The management of fisheries in Western Australia requires an understanding of the status of the fisheries stocks. For many species, the only available data are catch, effort and CPUE history. For these and other fisheries, time series methods may improve the stock assessment methods. Biological information is expensive to collect, and much of the information required for stock assessment methods such as age-structured models is simply unavailable, especially for low value fisheries. Time series analysis or control charting methods comprise a select few statistical techniques available for the purpose of stock assessment in these cases. Prediction may be improved using time series methods on catch and effort data with or without external data such as biological or environmental variables. Even when biological parameters can be estimated for a given model, time series methods may be superior as prediction tools.
The aim of this research was to apply time series methods on the western rock lobster fishery, several commercial finfish fisheries and the major tiger and king prawn fisheries, and determine how useful these techniques are for fisheries assessment and management.
The development of a rigorous sampling methodology for a long-term annual index of recruitment for finfish species from southwestern WA
There is a critical need for a reliable stock monitoring system for future management of the important multispecies commercial and recreational finfish fishery in the south west of Western Australia. Specifically a robust annual recruitment index for monitoring long term trends in abundance for the key finfish species is needed. The proposed recruitment index survey system is also required to complement and improve the usefulness of existing long-run commercial catch and effort records.
In order to develop a cost effective index system, there is a need to collect sufficient data on the spatial and temporal abundance of each species, within a rigorously planned experimental framework, to allow maximum use of current statistical techniques.
The comprehensive statistical approach to the survey design proposed for this project, although not previously applied to the development of finfish recruitment indices, will enable the dimensions, and hence cost, of the long term field sampling to be minimised.