Stock enhancement of the Western School Prawn (Metapenaeus dalli) in the Swan-Canning Estuary; evaluating recruitment limitation, environment and release strategies
Predicting the impacts of shifting recreational fishing effort towards inshore species
Recreational exploitation of inshore, marine fishes near Perth, WA, including King George Whiting, some other whiting species and Silver Trevally, is likely to increase markedly because of effort transfer from offshore to inshore species, due to new fishing regulations to protect offshore demersal species. No reliable stock assessment information is currently available for any of these species, which may already be overexploited. Furthermore, for King George Whiting and Silver Trevally, current assessment methods are inadequate because offshore movements with increasing body size, combined with different catchabilities and fishing pressures in nearshore and offshore habitats, make it impossible to obtain a representative age composition sample for an overall stock of these species. This problem can be addressed through developing a new stock assessment approach for such species, which is also applicable to other recreational, and commercial species, e.g. Estuary Cod.
The biological information published in reports and papers on commercial and recreational fish species in south-western Australia is often inaccessible to fishers and researchers may not be aware of all available information for those species. A book explaining the basics of fisheries science and outlining key information for important temperate WA fish species would be invaluable for engaging fishers and a valuable reference for researchers and managers.
The proposed project directly addresses an urgent need of the Department of Fisheries, WA, and the recreational sector, to assess likely impacts of recreational effort transfer from offshore to important inshore species. The assessment approach and guide is also very relevant to the commercial sector.
Final report
The project outputs have led to the following outcomes:
1. A model has been developed enabling reliable estimation of mortality of fish species that undertake size-related, unidirectional, offshore movements from age and length data. This new modelling approach is likely to be applicable to stocks of a number of fish species with this life history attribute, for which current stock status information may be very limited due to the difficulty of obtaining a representative sample for an overall stock.
2. Current age and length composition data and estimates of key stock assessment parameters, including selectivity, movement and fishing mortality, are now available for Silver Trevally and King George Whiting in coastal waters near Perth in Western Australia. Managers are aware that the study results have provided preliminary evidence that Silver Trevally and King George Whiting in waters near Perth are not currently experiencing overfishing.
3. This project has provided managers with information about the relative extents to which the stocks of Silver Trevally and King George Whiting in coastal waters near Perth might be expected to be impacted if fishing pressure were to increase by specified amounts. Managers are thus aware that King George Whiting stocks are likely to be more vulnerable than Silver Trevally to increases in fishing pressure in inshore waters.
4. Detailed summaries of the biology, stock assessment and management for 30 of Western Australia’s most important and/or well-known temperate fish species are now accessible to fishery stakeholders in the form of a species guide (published separately as Fisheries Research Report No. 242 by the Department of Fisheries, Western Australia). The guide provides a comprehensive “go to” source of information for anyone who wishes to find key facts and/or literature relating to these species.
Keywords: Silver Trevally, King George Whiting, size-related movement, fishing mortality, uncertainty, model assumptions
People development program: Aquatic animal health training scheme - Dr Susan Kueh
Western Australia has a great potential for increased aquaculture activities. According to the Aquaculture Council of WA, the main concern of her members has been lack of easy access to fish health veterinary services. Disease is a major limiting factor in aquaculture of both established as well as potentially important aquaculture fish species in WA, e.g. barramundi, kingfish. Aquaculture will provide an alternate source of food fish amidst reports of declining wild fish stocks. There is the potential of further growing an industry that will provide jobs directly as well as indirectly in downstream activities in seafood processing.
Histopathology has been recognized as an invaluable tool in fish disease diagnosis. The Australian College of Veterinary Scientists recently added aquatic animal health as a new fellowship program in 2010 and there is currently only one person enrolled. This program involves a very intensive professional training program with approved experts amounting to 25 hours a week over 154 weeks, and attendance at relevant workshops and conferences, which will need dedicated funding. This endeavour will not only benefit the local aquaculture industry directly by making available a specialist fish health veterinarian, but also provide better trained veterinarians and farm staff through her teaching activities at the tertiary and postgraduate levels. PI's research into significant diseases in collaboration with her colleagues at Murdoch University and Fish Health Laboratory, Dept. of Fisheries WA will also benefit the industry via better understanding of disease and control strategies.
People Development Program: 2009 FRDC International travel bursary Ben Chuwen
The Australian fishing industry requires the development of people that will assist in ensuring the sustainability of Australia’s fish resources. Such development must include aspects that will enhance leadership capabilities, industry capacity and the transfer of knowledge throughout the sector. One of the most important aspects of fisheries biology is the ageing of fish for use in fisheries management plans. This is a rapidly expanding area of research and leading scientists convene each 4-5 years to present and discuss recent developments in this field, with the 4th International Otolith Symposium to be held in Monterey, California in August 2009. Murdoch University’s Centre for Fish and Fisheries Research is Western Australia’s peak fisheries research training centre and thus it is necessary for staff to continue to be skilled in the most up-to-date techniques and methodology to enable the centre’s high calibre training to continue. My attendance at the 4th International Otolith Symposium is thus important not only for personal professional development, but also for the development of future fisheries researchers in Western Australia.
Establishment of self-sustaining facility for fisheries modelling and multivariate analysis, and for effective management of extremely large fisheries databases.
Coastal development, marine park reservation and population growth, coupled with use of remote sensing technologies, require a range of complex analyses, covering stock assessments and evaluation of ecosystem-wide impacts on fish communities and fisheries. Independent advice relating to compensation and marine park planning and reservation, with triple bottom line reporting needs, is also required. The demand for fisheries scientists with strong quantitative ability has been driven even further by the increasing use of detailed spatial data relating to fish, fisheries and the environment.
Currently, the PhD program in Quantitative Marine Science offered by CSIRO Marine and the University of Tasmania appears to be the only facility established specifically to produce fisheries scientists with the necessary quantitative skills. However, the demand cannot be met by this program alone. There is an urgent need for another university facility within Australia, particularly on the western side of the continent, to complement the training offered by the University of Tasmania in developing the skills in fisheries and ecosystem modelling, stock assessment, multivariate analysis and data management that are now required.
Short courses need to be delivered, on an ongoing basis, to upgrade the skills of existing fisheries scientists, empowering them to deliver answers to the range of policy questions now posed.
Postgraduate and in-service training need to be adaptive, but capable in the short term of delivery on-line throughout Australia, targeted to the specific needs of fisheries scientists, marine ecologists and the fishing industry. With the emergence of new technologies, ongoing course development, the application and use of very large databases using super computers, and implementation of new modelling tools, are essential requirements of this proposed facility.
Seed funding will be required to attract an appropriately qualified scientist to lead the development and ensure the establishment of such an ongoing training facility for Australia.