Seafood CRC: Spatial management of southern rock lobster fisheries to improve yield, value and sustainability
Quota management of rock lobster fisheries in southern States combined with higher prices for shallow-water lobsters has driven effort inshore. This is because fishers now manage their business to optimise the value of each kg, not maximise catch. Deeper water lobsters are often uneconomical to fish under current management as beach price can be as little as $4/kg above lease price (as lease price responds to beach price of shallow water product). This has produced an unusual situation in fisheries management where fishers are shifting effort away from high catch rate areas and into more depleted areas. There is now a management need for improved ability to follow trends in stocks at different depths and to evaluate novel harvest strategies suited to these spatial issues.
Adjusting harvest strategies to take account of spatial patterns in the biology of lobsters and patterns in the fleet has the potential to substantially increase yield, value and sustainability of the fishery. For example, preliminary modelling of the Tasmanian fishery has shown that regional size limits could double egg production in northern regions where levels are currently of concern, while simultaneously increasing yield by around 25%. Shifting effort into deeper water by means such as specific deep-water quota would be expected to increase yield given that these stocks are currently under-exploited. Translocating lobsters from slow to high growth areas leads to increased productivity and also higher beach price per lobster due to improved colour. Bio-economic modelling has indicated that gains in nett economic yield could be more than doubled in many cases through translocation (FRDC 2005/217). These opportunities also exist to varying degrees in SA and Victoria.
Final report
(2) To evaluate separate deep-water quota to increase yield and egg production.
(3) To evaluate regional size limits in Tasmania for increase in yield and egg production.
(4) To conduct field experiments and sampling to provide additional data required for alternative harvest strategy evaluation:
ii. translocation release survival,
iii. release movement,
iv. translocation growth transition,
v. effects of translocation on maturity and egg production parameters,
vi. density-dependent growth.
ii. tail width,
iii. condition,
iv. survival in live transport.
(7) To evaluate and compare spatial management options by economic analysis.
(8) To determine the extent of ecological community change in deep water reef habitats in response to increased harvest rates of lobsters.
(9) To develop functional management and monitoring recommendations to apply outcomes.
SSA Core Membership of the Australian Food Safety Centre of Excellence
Wild fish kills happen regularly, all across Australia. The more spectacular kills are reported in the media. However, timely sampling of dying fish and their environment is critical to achieving a diagnosis. The identification of the causes of significant wild fish kills is important to the public, environmental groups, recreational, aquaculture and wild capture fisheries in detecting early occurrence of exotic diseases, identifying major pollution events (both accidental and deliberate) and in supporting at international level our surveillance and monitoring capability. This activity underpins export market access and strengthens national biosecurity initiatives.
The sampling of dead and dying fish is a complicated procedure. There needs to be a system for reporting incidents, getting trained staff to the site quickly with sampling equipment. Since many fishkills are associated with poisoning events there are significant OH&S issues involved and if prosecutions are to be successful, legal issues must be addressed and forensic sampling techniques (chain of custody etc.) must be employed. Thus planning and funding fishkill responses requires detailed planning and funding across agencies within jurisdictions. As a result, the ability to respond to fishkills varies greatly between Jurisdictions across Australia.
Final report
International symposium on cephalopod lifecycles: biology, management and conservation
Rock Lobster Enhancement and Aquaculture Subprogram: the feasibility of translocating rock lobsters in Tasmania for increasing yield
Modelling of the Tasmanian lobster resource has indicated that loss of yield through spatial differences in growth of lobsters is greater than 25% of the TACC. Effects of fishing on egg production/recruitment and ecology also appear poorly managed spatially.
Increasing catch targets high priority areas in the strategic plans of each stakeholder. The Tasmanian Government has stated their intent to pursue growth in primary industry as a key strategic area through the “State of Growth” strategy. The project squarely targets all aspects of the University of Tasmania's “EDGE agenda”, particularly through “Engagement” with the community by delivery of a substantial economic benefit. The need for this research has been identified by the commercial and recreational lobster sectors in each strategic plan for crustacean research since the first plan was produced by the CRAG in 1996, specifically under the topics of “stock enhancement” and “translocation”.
Final report
Translocation involves the shifting of undersize rock lobsters to new areas to increase productivity and/or quality of product. We modelled the translocation of rock lobsters from four original sites to four release sites with a range of growth rates.
Most model scenarios led to increases in yield at least double the status-quo. Greatest gain occurred with simulations of the translocation of females from the SW to the NW – in these cases the translocation of 1 tonne led to almost no loss of yield at the origin site but a 1.6 tonne gain at the release site.
Levels of egg production in northern regions are a management issue for the Tasmanian fishery and the model indicated that these would be improved by translocation. Modelling suggested that both yield and egg production benefits would be greatest when smaller females are translocated and when translocation is integrated with increased regional size limits in the north.
Economic modelling of scenarios that involved the movement of five tonnes of lobsters by charter indicated that it is possible to generate an additional kilogram of catch for around $2.60. This compares favourably with current lease costs of over $15/kg. Net state benefit was $160,000 per five tonne trip by a chartered vessel. The internal rate of return for these operations was around 200%, which constitutes an extremely attractive investment.
Three possible systems for funding translocation were developed and each involved an allocation of additional quota to fishers. Translocation appears to offer a feasible option for sustainably and substantially increasing yield by converting low growth, low value lobsters into more productive, higher value lobsters.
Keywords: rock lobster, Jasus edwardsii, translocation, yield increase, sustainable development, bio-economic modelling.