This research has advanced our understanding of how fish growth is influenced by nutrition, by environment and by the interaction between nutritional and environmental factors. When the research started the majority of nutrition research considered the performance of feeds under optimum environmental conditions. In stark contrast the Australian aquaculture industry is increasingly facing the proposition of growing fish under sub-optimum conditions. Atlantic salmon are grown at elevated summer temperatures whereas barramundi and several sub-tropical species are affected by low winter temperatures. In addition, aquafeed companies lacked critical information about the optimum balance of protein and energy required for feed formulations at elevated temperatures. The research addressed a significant need for fundamental and applied information about nutrition of fish under limiting environment conditions. Integration of molecular techniques into the research program enhanced the value of the research considerably.

We successfully modelled protein and energy requirements for seawater Atlantic salmon at an elevated temperature of 19°C. This temperature was selected because although it is at the upper end of temperatures at which feeding would continue on-farm, salmon still feed and grow. Importantly, Atlantic salmon exhibited the same type of response to differences in dietary composition and nutrient intake as at lower temperatures. The research provided critical and previously unknown information for aquafeed companies to use for their high temperature feed formulations. For example, the optimum dietary protein to energy for Atlantic salmon diets fed at 19°C was predicted to be 19.8 grams of digestible protein per MJ of energy.

A critical feature of elevated temperature is decreased oxygen content in water. A second experiment compared the performance of seawater Atlantic salmon at 19°C at moderately low dissolved oxygen typical of those experienced in summer on-farm. Overall, growth performance was significantly affected by oxygen but only marginally by diet composition. Low oxygen decreased appetite and caused lower growth, growth efficiency was not affected. 

Keywords: Aquafeeds, Atlantic salmon, barramundi, elevated temperature, extreme environmental conditions, growth, nutrition.

This research has advanced our understanding of how fish growth is influenced by nutrition, by environment and by the interaction between nutritional and environmental factors. When the research started the majority of nutrition research considered the performance of feeds under optimum environmental conditions. In stark contrast the Australian aquaculture industry is increasingly facing the proposition of growing fish under sub-optimum conditions. Atlantic salmon are grown at elevated summer temperatures whereas barramundi and several sub-tropical species are affected by low winter temperatures. In addition, aquafeed companies lacked critical information about the optimum balance of protein and energy required for feed formulations at elevated temperatures. The research addressed a significant need for fundamental and applied information about nutrition of fish under limiting environment conditions. Integration of molecular techniques into the research program enhanced the value of the research considerably.

We successfully modelled protein and energy requirements for seawater Atlantic salmon at an elevated temperature of 19°C. This temperature was selected because although it is at the upper end of temperatures at which feeding would continue on-farm, salmon still feed and grow. Importantly, Atlantic salmon exhibited the same type of response to differences in dietary composition and nutrient intake as at lower temperatures. The research provided critical and previously unknown information for aquafeed companies to use for their high temperature feed formulations. For example, the optimum dietary protein to energy for Atlantic salmon diets fed at 19°C was predicted to be 19.8 grams of digestible protein per MJ of energy.

A critical feature of elevated temperature is decreased oxygen content in water. A second experiment compared the performance of seawater Atlantic salmon at 19°C at moderately low dissolved oxygen typical of those experienced in summer on-farm. Overall, growth performance was significantly affected by oxygen but only marginally by diet composition. Low oxygen decreased appetite and caused lower growth, growth efficiency was not affected. 

Keywords: Aquafeeds, Atlantic salmon, barramundi, elevated temperature, extreme environmental conditions, growth, nutrition.

This research has advanced our understanding of how fish growth is influenced by nutrition, by environment and by the interaction between nutritional and environmental factors. When the research started the majority of nutrition research considered the performance of feeds under optimum environmental conditions. In stark contrast the Australian aquaculture industry is increasingly facing the proposition of growing fish under sub-optimum conditions. Atlantic salmon are grown at elevated summer temperatures whereas barramundi and several sub-tropical species are affected by low winter temperatures. In addition, aquafeed companies lacked critical information about the optimum balance of protein and energy required for feed formulations at elevated temperatures. The research addressed a significant need for fundamental and applied information about nutrition of fish under limiting environment conditions. Integration of molecular techniques into the research program enhanced the value of the research considerably.

We successfully modelled protein and energy requirements for seawater Atlantic salmon at an elevated temperature of 19°C. This temperature was selected because although it is at the upper end of temperatures at which feeding would continue on-farm, salmon still feed and grow. Importantly, Atlantic salmon exhibited the same type of response to differences in dietary composition and nutrient intake as at lower temperatures. The research provided critical and previously unknown information for aquafeed companies to use for their high temperature feed formulations. For example, the optimum dietary protein to energy for Atlantic salmon diets fed at 19°C was predicted to be 19.8 grams of digestible protein per MJ of energy.

A critical feature of elevated temperature is decreased oxygen content in water. A second experiment compared the performance of seawater Atlantic salmon at 19°C at moderately low dissolved oxygen typical of those experienced in summer on-farm. Overall, growth performance was significantly affected by oxygen but only marginally by diet composition. Low oxygen decreased appetite and caused lower growth, growth efficiency was not affected. 

Keywords: Aquafeeds, Atlantic salmon, barramundi, elevated temperature, extreme environmental conditions, growth, nutrition.

This research has advanced our understanding of how fish growth is influenced by nutrition, by environment and by the interaction between nutritional and environmental factors. When the research started the majority of nutrition research considered the performance of feeds under optimum environmental conditions. In stark contrast the Australian aquaculture industry is increasingly facing the proposition of growing fish under sub-optimum conditions. Atlantic salmon are grown at elevated summer temperatures whereas barramundi and several sub-tropical species are affected by low winter temperatures. In addition, aquafeed companies lacked critical information about the optimum balance of protein and energy required for feed formulations at elevated temperatures. The research addressed a significant need for fundamental and applied information about nutrition of fish under limiting environment conditions. Integration of molecular techniques into the research program enhanced the value of the research considerably.

We successfully modelled protein and energy requirements for seawater Atlantic salmon at an elevated temperature of 19°C. This temperature was selected because although it is at the upper end of temperatures at which feeding would continue on-farm, salmon still feed and grow. Importantly, Atlantic salmon exhibited the same type of response to differences in dietary composition and nutrient intake as at lower temperatures. The research provided critical and previously unknown information for aquafeed companies to use for their high temperature feed formulations. For example, the optimum dietary protein to energy for Atlantic salmon diets fed at 19°C was predicted to be 19.8 grams of digestible protein per MJ of energy.

A critical feature of elevated temperature is decreased oxygen content in water. A second experiment compared the performance of seawater Atlantic salmon at 19°C at moderately low dissolved oxygen typical of those experienced in summer on-farm. Overall, growth performance was significantly affected by oxygen but only marginally by diet composition. Low oxygen decreased appetite and caused lower growth, growth efficiency was not affected. 

Keywords: Aquafeeds, Atlantic salmon, barramundi, elevated temperature, extreme environmental conditions, growth, nutrition.

This research has advanced our understanding of how fish growth is influenced by nutrition, by environment and by the interaction between nutritional and environmental factors. When the research started the majority of nutrition research considered the performance of feeds under optimum environmental conditions. In stark contrast the Australian aquaculture industry is increasingly facing the proposition of growing fish under sub-optimum conditions. Atlantic salmon are grown at elevated summer temperatures whereas barramundi and several sub-tropical species are affected by low winter temperatures. In addition, aquafeed companies lacked critical information about the optimum balance of protein and energy required for feed formulations at elevated temperatures. The research addressed a significant need for fundamental and applied information about nutrition of fish under limiting environment conditions. Integration of molecular techniques into the research program enhanced the value of the research considerably.

We successfully modelled protein and energy requirements for seawater Atlantic salmon at an elevated temperature of 19°C. This temperature was selected because although it is at the upper end of temperatures at which feeding would continue on-farm, salmon still feed and grow. Importantly, Atlantic salmon exhibited the same type of response to differences in dietary composition and nutrient intake as at lower temperatures. The research provided critical and previously unknown information for aquafeed companies to use for their high temperature feed formulations. For example, the optimum dietary protein to energy for Atlantic salmon diets fed at 19°C was predicted to be 19.8 grams of digestible protein per MJ of energy.

A critical feature of elevated temperature is decreased oxygen content in water. A second experiment compared the performance of seawater Atlantic salmon at 19°C at moderately low dissolved oxygen typical of those experienced in summer on-farm. Overall, growth performance was significantly affected by oxygen but only marginally by diet composition. Low oxygen decreased appetite and caused lower growth, growth efficiency was not affected. 

Keywords: Aquafeeds, Atlantic salmon, barramundi, elevated temperature, extreme environmental conditions, growth, nutrition.

This research has advanced our understanding of how fish growth is influenced by nutrition, by environment and by the interaction between nutritional and environmental factors. When the research started the majority of nutrition research considered the performance of feeds under optimum environmental conditions. In stark contrast the Australian aquaculture industry is increasingly facing the proposition of growing fish under sub-optimum conditions. Atlantic salmon are grown at elevated summer temperatures whereas barramundi and several sub-tropical species are affected by low winter temperatures. In addition, aquafeed companies lacked critical information about the optimum balance of protein and energy required for feed formulations at elevated temperatures. The research addressed a significant need for fundamental and applied information about nutrition of fish under limiting environment conditions. Integration of molecular techniques into the research program enhanced the value of the research considerably.

We successfully modelled protein and energy requirements for seawater Atlantic salmon at an elevated temperature of 19°C. This temperature was selected because although it is at the upper end of temperatures at which feeding would continue on-farm, salmon still feed and grow. Importantly, Atlantic salmon exhibited the same type of response to differences in dietary composition and nutrient intake as at lower temperatures. The research provided critical and previously unknown information for aquafeed companies to use for their high temperature feed formulations. For example, the optimum dietary protein to energy for Atlantic salmon diets fed at 19°C was predicted to be 19.8 grams of digestible protein per MJ of energy.

A critical feature of elevated temperature is decreased oxygen content in water. A second experiment compared the performance of seawater Atlantic salmon at 19°C at moderately low dissolved oxygen typical of those experienced in summer on-farm. Overall, growth performance was significantly affected by oxygen but only marginally by diet composition. Low oxygen decreased appetite and caused lower growth, growth efficiency was not affected. 

Keywords: Aquafeeds, Atlantic salmon, barramundi, elevated temperature, extreme environmental conditions, growth, nutrition.

This research has advanced our understanding of how fish growth is influenced by nutrition, by environment and by the interaction between nutritional and environmental factors. When the research started the majority of nutrition research considered the performance of feeds under optimum environmental conditions. In stark contrast the Australian aquaculture industry is increasingly facing the proposition of growing fish under sub-optimum conditions. Atlantic salmon are grown at elevated summer temperatures whereas barramundi and several sub-tropical species are affected by low winter temperatures. In addition, aquafeed companies lacked critical information about the optimum balance of protein and energy required for feed formulations at elevated temperatures. The research addressed a significant need for fundamental and applied information about nutrition of fish under limiting environment conditions. Integration of molecular techniques into the research program enhanced the value of the research considerably.

We successfully modelled protein and energy requirements for seawater Atlantic salmon at an elevated temperature of 19°C. This temperature was selected because although it is at the upper end of temperatures at which feeding would continue on-farm, salmon still feed and grow. Importantly, Atlantic salmon exhibited the same type of response to differences in dietary composition and nutrient intake as at lower temperatures. The research provided critical and previously unknown information for aquafeed companies to use for their high temperature feed formulations. For example, the optimum dietary protein to energy for Atlantic salmon diets fed at 19°C was predicted to be 19.8 grams of digestible protein per MJ of energy.

A critical feature of elevated temperature is decreased oxygen content in water. A second experiment compared the performance of seawater Atlantic salmon at 19°C at moderately low dissolved oxygen typical of those experienced in summer on-farm. Overall, growth performance was significantly affected by oxygen but only marginally by diet composition. Low oxygen decreased appetite and caused lower growth, growth efficiency was not affected. 

Keywords: Aquafeeds, Atlantic salmon, barramundi, elevated temperature, extreme environmental conditions, growth, nutrition.

This research has advanced our understanding of how fish growth is influenced by nutrition, by environment and by the interaction between nutritional and environmental factors. When the research started the majority of nutrition research considered the performance of feeds under optimum environmental conditions. In stark contrast the Australian aquaculture industry is increasingly facing the proposition of growing fish under sub-optimum conditions. Atlantic salmon are grown at elevated summer temperatures whereas barramundi and several sub-tropical species are affected by low winter temperatures. In addition, aquafeed companies lacked critical information about the optimum balance of protein and energy required for feed formulations at elevated temperatures. The research addressed a significant need for fundamental and applied information about nutrition of fish under limiting environment conditions. Integration of molecular techniques into the research program enhanced the value of the research considerably.

We successfully modelled protein and energy requirements for seawater Atlantic salmon at an elevated temperature of 19°C. This temperature was selected because although it is at the upper end of temperatures at which feeding would continue on-farm, salmon still feed and grow. Importantly, Atlantic salmon exhibited the same type of response to differences in dietary composition and nutrient intake as at lower temperatures. The research provided critical and previously unknown information for aquafeed companies to use for their high temperature feed formulations. For example, the optimum dietary protein to energy for Atlantic salmon diets fed at 19°C was predicted to be 19.8 grams of digestible protein per MJ of energy.

A critical feature of elevated temperature is decreased oxygen content in water. A second experiment compared the performance of seawater Atlantic salmon at 19°C at moderately low dissolved oxygen typical of those experienced in summer on-farm. Overall, growth performance was significantly affected by oxygen but only marginally by diet composition. Low oxygen decreased appetite and caused lower growth, growth efficiency was not affected. 

Keywords: Aquafeeds, Atlantic salmon, barramundi, elevated temperature, extreme environmental conditions, growth, nutrition.

This research has advanced our understanding of how fish growth is influenced by nutrition, by environment and by the interaction between nutritional and environmental factors. When the research started the majority of nutrition research considered the performance of feeds under optimum environmental conditions. In stark contrast the Australian aquaculture industry is increasingly facing the proposition of growing fish under sub-optimum conditions. Atlantic salmon are grown at elevated summer temperatures whereas barramundi and several sub-tropical species are affected by low winter temperatures. In addition, aquafeed companies lacked critical information about the optimum balance of protein and energy required for feed formulations at elevated temperatures. The research addressed a significant need for fundamental and applied information about nutrition of fish under limiting environment conditions. Integration of molecular techniques into the research program enhanced the value of the research considerably.

We successfully modelled protein and energy requirements for seawater Atlantic salmon at an elevated temperature of 19°C. This temperature was selected because although it is at the upper end of temperatures at which feeding would continue on-farm, salmon still feed and grow. Importantly, Atlantic salmon exhibited the same type of response to differences in dietary composition and nutrient intake as at lower temperatures. The research provided critical and previously unknown information for aquafeed companies to use for their high temperature feed formulations. For example, the optimum dietary protein to energy for Atlantic salmon diets fed at 19°C was predicted to be 19.8 grams of digestible protein per MJ of energy.

A critical feature of elevated temperature is decreased oxygen content in water. A second experiment compared the performance of seawater Atlantic salmon at 19°C at moderately low dissolved oxygen typical of those experienced in summer on-farm. Overall, growth performance was significantly affected by oxygen but only marginally by diet composition. Low oxygen decreased appetite and caused lower growth, growth efficiency was not affected. 

Keywords: Aquafeeds, Atlantic salmon, barramundi, elevated temperature, extreme environmental conditions, growth, nutrition.

This research has advanced our understanding of how fish growth is influenced by nutrition, by environment and by the interaction between nutritional and environmental factors. When the research started the majority of nutrition research considered the performance of feeds under optimum environmental conditions. In stark contrast the Australian aquaculture industry is increasingly facing the proposition of growing fish under sub-optimum conditions. Atlantic salmon are grown at elevated summer temperatures whereas barramundi and several sub-tropical species are affected by low winter temperatures. In addition, aquafeed companies lacked critical information about the optimum balance of protein and energy required for feed formulations at elevated temperatures. The research addressed a significant need for fundamental and applied information about nutrition of fish under limiting environment conditions. Integration of molecular techniques into the research program enhanced the value of the research considerably.

We successfully modelled protein and energy requirements for seawater Atlantic salmon at an elevated temperature of 19°C. This temperature was selected because although it is at the upper end of temperatures at which feeding would continue on-farm, salmon still feed and grow. Importantly, Atlantic salmon exhibited the same type of response to differences in dietary composition and nutrient intake as at lower temperatures. The research provided critical and previously unknown information for aquafeed companies to use for their high temperature feed formulations. For example, the optimum dietary protein to energy for Atlantic salmon diets fed at 19°C was predicted to be 19.8 grams of digestible protein per MJ of energy.

A critical feature of elevated temperature is decreased oxygen content in water. A second experiment compared the performance of seawater Atlantic salmon at 19°C at moderately low dissolved oxygen typical of those experienced in summer on-farm. Overall, growth performance was significantly affected by oxygen but only marginally by diet composition. Low oxygen decreased appetite and caused lower growth, growth efficiency was not affected. 

Keywords: Aquafeeds, Atlantic salmon, barramundi, elevated temperature, extreme environmental conditions, growth, nutrition.

This research has advanced our understanding of how fish growth is influenced by nutrition, by environment and by the interaction between nutritional and environmental factors. When the research started the majority of nutrition research considered the performance of feeds under optimum environmental conditions. In stark contrast the Australian aquaculture industry is increasingly facing the proposition of growing fish under sub-optimum conditions. Atlantic salmon are grown at elevated summer temperatures whereas barramundi and several sub-tropical species are affected by low winter temperatures. In addition, aquafeed companies lacked critical information about the optimum balance of protein and energy required for feed formulations at elevated temperatures. The research addressed a significant need for fundamental and applied information about nutrition of fish under limiting environment conditions. Integration of molecular techniques into the research program enhanced the value of the research considerably.

We successfully modelled protein and energy requirements for seawater Atlantic salmon at an elevated temperature of 19°C. This temperature was selected because although it is at the upper end of temperatures at which feeding would continue on-farm, salmon still feed and grow. Importantly, Atlantic salmon exhibited the same type of response to differences in dietary composition and nutrient intake as at lower temperatures. The research provided critical and previously unknown information for aquafeed companies to use for their high temperature feed formulations. For example, the optimum dietary protein to energy for Atlantic salmon diets fed at 19°C was predicted to be 19.8 grams of digestible protein per MJ of energy.

A critical feature of elevated temperature is decreased oxygen content in water. A second experiment compared the performance of seawater Atlantic salmon at 19°C at moderately low dissolved oxygen typical of those experienced in summer on-farm. Overall, growth performance was significantly affected by oxygen but only marginally by diet composition. Low oxygen decreased appetite and caused lower growth, growth efficiency was not affected. 

Keywords: Aquafeeds, Atlantic salmon, barramundi, elevated temperature, extreme environmental conditions, growth, nutrition.

This research has advanced our understanding of how fish growth is influenced by nutrition, by environment and by the interaction between nutritional and environmental factors. When the research started the majority of nutrition research considered the performance of feeds under optimum environmental conditions. In stark contrast the Australian aquaculture industry is increasingly facing the proposition of growing fish under sub-optimum conditions. Atlantic salmon are grown at elevated summer temperatures whereas barramundi and several sub-tropical species are affected by low winter temperatures. In addition, aquafeed companies lacked critical information about the optimum balance of protein and energy required for feed formulations at elevated temperatures. The research addressed a significant need for fundamental and applied information about nutrition of fish under limiting environment conditions. Integration of molecular techniques into the research program enhanced the value of the research considerably.

We successfully modelled protein and energy requirements for seawater Atlantic salmon at an elevated temperature of 19°C. This temperature was selected because although it is at the upper end of temperatures at which feeding would continue on-farm, salmon still feed and grow. Importantly, Atlantic salmon exhibited the same type of response to differences in dietary composition and nutrient intake as at lower temperatures. The research provided critical and previously unknown information for aquafeed companies to use for their high temperature feed formulations. For example, the optimum dietary protein to energy for Atlantic salmon diets fed at 19°C was predicted to be 19.8 grams of digestible protein per MJ of energy.

A critical feature of elevated temperature is decreased oxygen content in water. A second experiment compared the performance of seawater Atlantic salmon at 19°C at moderately low dissolved oxygen typical of those experienced in summer on-farm. Overall, growth performance was significantly affected by oxygen but only marginally by diet composition. Low oxygen decreased appetite and caused lower growth, growth efficiency was not affected. 

Keywords: Aquafeeds, Atlantic salmon, barramundi, elevated temperature, extreme environmental conditions, growth, nutrition.

This research has advanced our understanding of how fish growth is influenced by nutrition, by environment and by the interaction between nutritional and environmental factors. When the research started the majority of nutrition research considered the performance of feeds under optimum environmental conditions. In stark contrast the Australian aquaculture industry is increasingly facing the proposition of growing fish under sub-optimum conditions. Atlantic salmon are grown at elevated summer temperatures whereas barramundi and several sub-tropical species are affected by low winter temperatures. In addition, aquafeed companies lacked critical information about the optimum balance of protein and energy required for feed formulations at elevated temperatures. The research addressed a significant need for fundamental and applied information about nutrition of fish under limiting environment conditions. Integration of molecular techniques into the research program enhanced the value of the research considerably.

We successfully modelled protein and energy requirements for seawater Atlantic salmon at an elevated temperature of 19°C. This temperature was selected because although it is at the upper end of temperatures at which feeding would continue on-farm, salmon still feed and grow. Importantly, Atlantic salmon exhibited the same type of response to differences in dietary composition and nutrient intake as at lower temperatures. The research provided critical and previously unknown information for aquafeed companies to use for their high temperature feed formulations. For example, the optimum dietary protein to energy for Atlantic salmon diets fed at 19°C was predicted to be 19.8 grams of digestible protein per MJ of energy.

A critical feature of elevated temperature is decreased oxygen content in water. A second experiment compared the performance of seawater Atlantic salmon at 19°C at moderately low dissolved oxygen typical of those experienced in summer on-farm. Overall, growth performance was significantly affected by oxygen but only marginally by diet composition. Low oxygen decreased appetite and caused lower growth, growth efficiency was not affected. 

Keywords: Aquafeeds, Atlantic salmon, barramundi, elevated temperature, extreme environmental conditions, growth, nutrition.

This research has advanced our understanding of how fish growth is influenced by nutrition, by environment and by the interaction between nutritional and environmental factors. When the research started the majority of nutrition research considered the performance of feeds under optimum environmental conditions. In stark contrast the Australian aquaculture industry is increasingly facing the proposition of growing fish under sub-optimum conditions. Atlantic salmon are grown at elevated summer temperatures whereas barramundi and several sub-tropical species are affected by low winter temperatures. In addition, aquafeed companies lacked critical information about the optimum balance of protein and energy required for feed formulations at elevated temperatures. The research addressed a significant need for fundamental and applied information about nutrition of fish under limiting environment conditions. Integration of molecular techniques into the research program enhanced the value of the research considerably.

We successfully modelled protein and energy requirements for seawater Atlantic salmon at an elevated temperature of 19°C. This temperature was selected because although it is at the upper end of temperatures at which feeding would continue on-farm, salmon still feed and grow. Importantly, Atlantic salmon exhibited the same type of response to differences in dietary composition and nutrient intake as at lower temperatures. The research provided critical and previously unknown information for aquafeed companies to use for their high temperature feed formulations. For example, the optimum dietary protein to energy for Atlantic salmon diets fed at 19°C was predicted to be 19.8 grams of digestible protein per MJ of energy.

A critical feature of elevated temperature is decreased oxygen content in water. A second experiment compared the performance of seawater Atlantic salmon at 19°C at moderately low dissolved oxygen typical of those experienced in summer on-farm. Overall, growth performance was significantly affected by oxygen but only marginally by diet composition. Low oxygen decreased appetite and caused lower growth, growth efficiency was not affected. 

Keywords: Aquafeeds, Atlantic salmon, barramundi, elevated temperature, extreme environmental conditions, growth, nutrition.

This research has advanced our understanding of how fish growth is influenced by nutrition, by environment and by the interaction between nutritional and environmental factors. When the research started the majority of nutrition research considered the performance of feeds under optimum environmental conditions. In stark contrast the Australian aquaculture industry is increasingly facing the proposition of growing fish under sub-optimum conditions. Atlantic salmon are grown at elevated summer temperatures whereas barramundi and several sub-tropical species are affected by low winter temperatures. In addition, aquafeed companies lacked critical information about the optimum balance of protein and energy required for feed formulations at elevated temperatures. The research addressed a significant need for fundamental and applied information about nutrition of fish under limiting environment conditions. Integration of molecular techniques into the research program enhanced the value of the research considerably.

We successfully modelled protein and energy requirements for seawater Atlantic salmon at an elevated temperature of 19°C. This temperature was selected because although it is at the upper end of temperatures at which feeding would continue on-farm, salmon still feed and grow. Importantly, Atlantic salmon exhibited the same type of response to differences in dietary composition and nutrient intake as at lower temperatures. The research provided critical and previously unknown information for aquafeed companies to use for their high temperature feed formulations. For example, the optimum dietary protein to energy for Atlantic salmon diets fed at 19°C was predicted to be 19.8 grams of digestible protein per MJ of energy.

A critical feature of elevated temperature is decreased oxygen content in water. A second experiment compared the performance of seawater Atlantic salmon at 19°C at moderately low dissolved oxygen typical of those experienced in summer on-farm. Overall, growth performance was significantly affected by oxygen but only marginally by diet composition. Low oxygen decreased appetite and caused lower growth, growth efficiency was not affected. 

Keywords: Aquafeeds, Atlantic salmon, barramundi, elevated temperature, extreme environmental conditions, growth, nutrition.