Tasmanian Atlantic Salmon Research, Development and Extension Management
The Tasmanian salmon farming industry has undergone exceptional production and profitability gains in its short history and has ambitious targets for the future. A report commissioned in 2015 indicated an annual Industry gross output of $1.12 billion and the direct employment of almost 2800 full time positions. Projecting forward, the Industry is confident of turning over $2 billion by 2030, with clear implications for continued jobs growth and economic impacts within Tasmania. To achieve this, and to strengthen linkages with Government, the Tasmanian community and myriad stakeholders, ongoing proactive and reactive research is vital. This point is particularly salient given the present need to diversify the research portfolio to address potential constraints to industry growth. For example, spatial limitations on the expansion of grow-out operations in sheltered waters have resulted in new research and development approaches to investigate and trial offshore farming operations. Expanding the scope of the research and development program in such a manner is replete with complexities requiring significant input and coordination by the TSGA.
The portfolio of research funded between the FRDC and TSGA is significant, with around $4m of combined funding available each year – an amount steadily growing as Industry GVP grows. There is a need for both the FRDC and TSGA to have the capacity to actively manage this research portfolio, understand the current and future opportunities requiring research, development and extension (RD&E), and to communicate outputs to all stakeholders. Previously, these tasks were largely undertaken by the former TSGA CEO and, at times consultants were hired on an ad hoc basis. Given industry expansion however, there is a pressing need for a permanent role dedicated to addressing and coordinating the management needs of a RD&E portfolio that is growing in size, scope and complexity.
Sturgeon aquaculture in Australia: feasibility study
Australian aquaculture industries are expanding, and the South Australian aquaculture industry aims to double production by 2020. Increased aquaculture production will rely on new species and products and intensification of existing industries. Australia has high production costs and new products need to be high value to remain competitive.
The Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baeri) and beluga (Huso huso), which produce caviar and meat were added to the live import list for commercial aquaculture in 2015. These species are long lived and late maturing presenting an extended period between introduction and production of caviar. There is a consequent need to assess the commercial potential of sturgeon aquaculture in Australia, to drive processes to obtain regulatory consent and to establish links to facilitate technology transfer and RD&E.
This project will assess the feasibility of sturgeon aquaculture in Australia, including identification of the most appropriate and expedient way to bring sturgeon to Australia, identify appropriate sources for stock, develop standards for import and holding of stock, and link Australia to a network of world sturgeon farming knowledge.
This project will utilise expertise from PIRSA Fisheries and Aquaculture, SARDI Aquatic Sciences, the Australian aquaculture industry and relevant international experts to meet information requirements for regulatory approvals, to identify and develop methods to manage risk and provide a sound basis for industry development.
Final report
This project examined the feasibility of farming sturgeons in Australia. These large fish in the family Acipenseridae are the source of caviar, one of the world’s highest value luxury goods. Australian aquaculture has goals to expand and one way to achieve this is to farm high-value products that require technology and high quality environments in which Australia can deliver a competitive edge. Sturgeons are not native to Australia and the project aimed to collate information to assess if sturgeon farming in Australia is biologically and technically feasible; and if so, to gather material that could support the import of sturgeons.
A major component of the project was ongoing dialogue with the Australian Government Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment (DAWE), the regulatory authority for importing biological commodities into Australia. The information aimed to provide input to processes, including Biosecurity Risk Analysis, that are used by DAWE to inform development of import conditions.
Project staff engaged with local and overseas experts and industry and developed networks that will be useful if an industry develops. Sources of stock were identified for eventual establishment of an Australian industry.
We assessed the business feasibility of an Australian sturgeon industry by developing a business case including a projected cost-profit model. This assessment concluded that farming sturgeons in Australia is biologically and technically feasible and has a 10 year lifecycle to profit if developed as a mixed sturgeon-trout farm. Caviar demand and sales are increasing but there are substantial threats to an Australian caviar industry. There is extensive caviar production in China which is likely to continue to grow, and world caviar prices have fallen substantially since 2010, although wholesale prices in Australia have remained high and stable over the same period.
The project team was unable to develop and negotiate approaches to overcome the regulatory barriers to importing sturgeons. Although clear pathways are identified, import consent remains a difficult goal. Alternative arrangements were rejected as an approach by DAWE in August 2020. For sturgeon import to Australia to occur, DAWE needs to commence and complete a Biosecurity Import Risk Assessment (BIRA), but DAWE lacks available resources to commence that assessment. Substantial data have been collated by this project to contribute to a BIRA. Continued effort from industry will be required if sturgeon import is going to occur, but it is also possible that the perceived benefits do not justify the work required.