The NSW oyster industry is one of the states oldest and most valuable fishery, with a farm gate value of more than $27 million in 1994/ 5. It has an impressive history covering more than a hundred years of farming the native Sydney rock oyster Saccostrea commercialis but has experienced a decline since its record year of 1976 / 7 (Chapter 2). Nevertheless the N SW industry produced more than 60% of the country's oyster output in 1994/5.

A strategic R & D plan covering six key project areas has been produced to help transform the NSW oyster industry into a united, forward looking industry, producing a range of quality assured oysters and other products, marketing in a more collaborative and profitable manner.

The NSW oyster industry is one of the states oldest and most valuable fishery, with a farm gate value of more than $27 million in 1994/ 5. It has an impressive history covering more than a hundred years of farming the native Sydney rock oyster Saccostrea commercialis but has experienced a decline since its record year of 1976 / 7 (Chapter 2). Nevertheless the N SW industry produced more than 60% of the country's oyster output in 1994/5.

A strategic R & D plan covering six key project areas has been produced to help transform the NSW oyster industry into a united, forward looking industry, producing a range of quality assured oysters and other products, marketing in a more collaborative and profitable manner.

The NSW oyster industry is one of the states oldest and most valuable fishery, with a farm gate value of more than $27 million in 1994/ 5. It has an impressive history covering more than a hundred years of farming the native Sydney rock oyster Saccostrea commercialis but has experienced a decline since its record year of 1976 / 7 (Chapter 2). Nevertheless the N SW industry produced more than 60% of the country's oyster output in 1994/5.

A strategic R & D plan covering six key project areas has been produced to help transform the NSW oyster industry into a united, forward looking industry, producing a range of quality assured oysters and other products, marketing in a more collaborative and profitable manner.

The NSW oyster industry is one of the states oldest and most valuable fishery, with a farm gate value of more than $27 million in 1994/ 5. It has an impressive history covering more than a hundred years of farming the native Sydney rock oyster Saccostrea commercialis but has experienced a decline since its record year of 1976 / 7 (Chapter 2). Nevertheless the N SW industry produced more than 60% of the country's oyster output in 1994/5.

A strategic R & D plan covering six key project areas has been produced to help transform the NSW oyster industry into a united, forward looking industry, producing a range of quality assured oysters and other products, marketing in a more collaborative and profitable manner.

The NSW oyster industry is one of the states oldest and most valuable fishery, with a farm gate value of more than $27 million in 1994/ 5. It has an impressive history covering more than a hundred years of farming the native Sydney rock oyster Saccostrea commercialis but has experienced a decline since its record year of 1976 / 7 (Chapter 2). Nevertheless the N SW industry produced more than 60% of the country's oyster output in 1994/5.

A strategic R & D plan covering six key project areas has been produced to help transform the NSW oyster industry into a united, forward looking industry, producing a range of quality assured oysters and other products, marketing in a more collaborative and profitable manner.

The NSW oyster industry is one of the states oldest and most valuable fishery, with a farm gate value of more than $27 million in 1994/ 5. It has an impressive history covering more than a hundred years of farming the native Sydney rock oyster Saccostrea commercialis but has experienced a decline since its record year of 1976 / 7 (Chapter 2). Nevertheless the N SW industry produced more than 60% of the country's oyster output in 1994/5.

A strategic R & D plan covering six key project areas has been produced to help transform the NSW oyster industry into a united, forward looking industry, producing a range of quality assured oysters and other products, marketing in a more collaborative and profitable manner.

The NSW oyster industry is one of the states oldest and most valuable fishery, with a farm gate value of more than $27 million in 1994/ 5. It has an impressive history covering more than a hundred years of farming the native Sydney rock oyster Saccostrea commercialis but has experienced a decline since its record year of 1976 / 7 (Chapter 2). Nevertheless the N SW industry produced more than 60% of the country's oyster output in 1994/5.

A strategic R & D plan covering six key project areas has been produced to help transform the NSW oyster industry into a united, forward looking industry, producing a range of quality assured oysters and other products, marketing in a more collaborative and profitable manner.

The NSW oyster industry is one of the states oldest and most valuable fishery, with a farm gate value of more than $27 million in 1994/ 5. It has an impressive history covering more than a hundred years of farming the native Sydney rock oyster Saccostrea commercialis but has experienced a decline since its record year of 1976 / 7 (Chapter 2). Nevertheless the N SW industry produced more than 60% of the country's oyster output in 1994/5.

A strategic R & D plan covering six key project areas has been produced to help transform the NSW oyster industry into a united, forward looking industry, producing a range of quality assured oysters and other products, marketing in a more collaborative and profitable manner.

The NSW oyster industry is one of the states oldest and most valuable fishery, with a farm gate value of more than $27 million in 1994/ 5. It has an impressive history covering more than a hundred years of farming the native Sydney rock oyster Saccostrea commercialis but has experienced a decline since its record year of 1976 / 7 (Chapter 2). Nevertheless the N SW industry produced more than 60% of the country's oyster output in 1994/5.

A strategic R & D plan covering six key project areas has been produced to help transform the NSW oyster industry into a united, forward looking industry, producing a range of quality assured oysters and other products, marketing in a more collaborative and profitable manner.

The NSW oyster industry is one of the states oldest and most valuable fishery, with a farm gate value of more than $27 million in 1994/ 5. It has an impressive history covering more than a hundred years of farming the native Sydney rock oyster Saccostrea commercialis but has experienced a decline since its record year of 1976 / 7 (Chapter 2). Nevertheless the N SW industry produced more than 60% of the country's oyster output in 1994/5.

A strategic R & D plan covering six key project areas has been produced to help transform the NSW oyster industry into a united, forward looking industry, producing a range of quality assured oysters and other products, marketing in a more collaborative and profitable manner.

The NSW oyster industry is one of the states oldest and most valuable fishery, with a farm gate value of more than $27 million in 1994/ 5. It has an impressive history covering more than a hundred years of farming the native Sydney rock oyster Saccostrea commercialis but has experienced a decline since its record year of 1976 / 7 (Chapter 2). Nevertheless the N SW industry produced more than 60% of the country's oyster output in 1994/5.

A strategic R & D plan covering six key project areas has been produced to help transform the NSW oyster industry into a united, forward looking industry, producing a range of quality assured oysters and other products, marketing in a more collaborative and profitable manner.

The NSW oyster industry is one of the states oldest and most valuable fishery, with a farm gate value of more than $27 million in 1994/ 5. It has an impressive history covering more than a hundred years of farming the native Sydney rock oyster Saccostrea commercialis but has experienced a decline since its record year of 1976 / 7 (Chapter 2). Nevertheless the N SW industry produced more than 60% of the country's oyster output in 1994/5.

A strategic R & D plan covering six key project areas has been produced to help transform the NSW oyster industry into a united, forward looking industry, producing a range of quality assured oysters and other products, marketing in a more collaborative and profitable manner.

The NSW oyster industry is one of the states oldest and most valuable fishery, with a farm gate value of more than $27 million in 1994/ 5. It has an impressive history covering more than a hundred years of farming the native Sydney rock oyster Saccostrea commercialis but has experienced a decline since its record year of 1976 / 7 (Chapter 2). Nevertheless the N SW industry produced more than 60% of the country's oyster output in 1994/5.

A strategic R & D plan covering six key project areas has been produced to help transform the NSW oyster industry into a united, forward looking industry, producing a range of quality assured oysters and other products, marketing in a more collaborative and profitable manner.

The NSW oyster industry is one of the states oldest and most valuable fishery, with a farm gate value of more than $27 million in 1994/ 5. It has an impressive history covering more than a hundred years of farming the native Sydney rock oyster Saccostrea commercialis but has experienced a decline since its record year of 1976 / 7 (Chapter 2). Nevertheless the N SW industry produced more than 60% of the country's oyster output in 1994/5.

A strategic R & D plan covering six key project areas has been produced to help transform the NSW oyster industry into a united, forward looking industry, producing a range of quality assured oysters and other products, marketing in a more collaborative and profitable manner.

The NSW oyster industry is one of the states oldest and most valuable fishery, with a farm gate value of more than $27 million in 1994/ 5. It has an impressive history covering more than a hundred years of farming the native Sydney rock oyster Saccostrea commercialis but has experienced a decline since its record year of 1976 / 7 (Chapter 2). Nevertheless the N SW industry produced more than 60% of the country's oyster output in 1994/5.

A strategic R & D plan covering six key project areas has been produced to help transform the NSW oyster industry into a united, forward looking industry, producing a range of quality assured oysters and other products, marketing in a more collaborative and profitable manner.

The NSW oyster industry is one of the states oldest and most valuable fishery, with a farm gate value of more than $27 million in 1994/ 5. It has an impressive history covering more than a hundred years of farming the native Sydney rock oyster Saccostrea commercialis but has experienced a decline since its record year of 1976 / 7 (Chapter 2). Nevertheless the N SW industry produced more than 60% of the country's oyster output in 1994/5.

A strategic R & D plan covering six key project areas has been produced to help transform the NSW oyster industry into a united, forward looking industry, producing a range of quality assured oysters and other products, marketing in a more collaborative and profitable manner.

The NSW oyster industry is one of the states oldest and most valuable fishery, with a farm gate value of more than $27 million in 1994/ 5. It has an impressive history covering more than a hundred years of farming the native Sydney rock oyster Saccostrea commercialis but has experienced a decline since its record year of 1976 / 7 (Chapter 2). Nevertheless the N SW industry produced more than 60% of the country's oyster output in 1994/5.

A strategic R & D plan covering six key project areas has been produced to help transform the NSW oyster industry into a united, forward looking industry, producing a range of quality assured oysters and other products, marketing in a more collaborative and profitable manner.

This is a report on the second stage of a two part program investigating hatchery production, farming and seeding of the commercial scallop, Pecten fumatus. A total of more than four million scallop spat were produced for farming trials and over 250 000 scallops ranging in size from 20-60 mm were released into Jervis Bay.

Hatchery techniques were broadened to include procedures for the production of triploid P. fumatus. In general, the survival of triploid scallops was considerably lower than that of normal (diploid) scallops, particularly, immediately after treatment and during early larval rearing. No differences were observed between triploid and diploid spat, however, juvenile triploid scallops tended to be larger and heavier with significantly larger muscle tissues. The significant reduction in embryo development percentages (>80%), the relatively low percentage triploidy achieved initially (41%) followed by consistent reductions in percentage triploidy, mean that further research is required before it would be applied to the commercial sector.  

Although our previous research had, for the first time, demonstrated reliable large scale rearing of P. fumatus larvae was possible, several major constraints to hatchery production were noted. Previously, larvae were either retained in the hatchery until they were large enough to be transferred to land based upweller systems, or larvae were settled on mesh in collector bags and transferred directly to the field. A new technique was developed in which larvae were settled on mesh screens held in the hatchery for about a fortnight before being placed in mesh bags at known densities and moved to the field for culture. This technique allows control of spat stocking density, and has produced threefold increases in spat yields over previous bag settlement techniques while significantly reducing maintenance costs.

KEYWORDS: Commercial scallop, hatchery production, farming, reseeding.

This is a report on the second stage of a two part program investigating hatchery production, farming and seeding of the commercial scallop, Pecten fumatus. A total of more than four million scallop spat were produced for farming trials and over 250 000 scallops ranging in size from 20-60 mm were released into Jervis Bay.

Hatchery techniques were broadened to include procedures for the production of triploid P. fumatus. In general, the survival of triploid scallops was considerably lower than that of normal (diploid) scallops, particularly, immediately after treatment and during early larval rearing. No differences were observed between triploid and diploid spat, however, juvenile triploid scallops tended to be larger and heavier with significantly larger muscle tissues. The significant reduction in embryo development percentages (>80%), the relatively low percentage triploidy achieved initially (41%) followed by consistent reductions in percentage triploidy, mean that further research is required before it would be applied to the commercial sector.  

Although our previous research had, for the first time, demonstrated reliable large scale rearing of P. fumatus larvae was possible, several major constraints to hatchery production were noted. Previously, larvae were either retained in the hatchery until they were large enough to be transferred to land based upweller systems, or larvae were settled on mesh in collector bags and transferred directly to the field. A new technique was developed in which larvae were settled on mesh screens held in the hatchery for about a fortnight before being placed in mesh bags at known densities and moved to the field for culture. This technique allows control of spat stocking density, and has produced threefold increases in spat yields over previous bag settlement techniques while significantly reducing maintenance costs.

KEYWORDS: Commercial scallop, hatchery production, farming, reseeding.

This is a report on the second stage of a two part program investigating hatchery production, farming and seeding of the commercial scallop, Pecten fumatus. A total of more than four million scallop spat were produced for farming trials and over 250 000 scallops ranging in size from 20-60 mm were released into Jervis Bay.

Hatchery techniques were broadened to include procedures for the production of triploid P. fumatus. In general, the survival of triploid scallops was considerably lower than that of normal (diploid) scallops, particularly, immediately after treatment and during early larval rearing. No differences were observed between triploid and diploid spat, however, juvenile triploid scallops tended to be larger and heavier with significantly larger muscle tissues. The significant reduction in embryo development percentages (>80%), the relatively low percentage triploidy achieved initially (41%) followed by consistent reductions in percentage triploidy, mean that further research is required before it would be applied to the commercial sector.  

Although our previous research had, for the first time, demonstrated reliable large scale rearing of P. fumatus larvae was possible, several major constraints to hatchery production were noted. Previously, larvae were either retained in the hatchery until they were large enough to be transferred to land based upweller systems, or larvae were settled on mesh in collector bags and transferred directly to the field. A new technique was developed in which larvae were settled on mesh screens held in the hatchery for about a fortnight before being placed in mesh bags at known densities and moved to the field for culture. This technique allows control of spat stocking density, and has produced threefold increases in spat yields over previous bag settlement techniques while significantly reducing maintenance costs.

KEYWORDS: Commercial scallop, hatchery production, farming, reseeding.

This is a report on the second stage of a two part program investigating hatchery production, farming and seeding of the commercial scallop, Pecten fumatus. A total of more than four million scallop spat were produced for farming trials and over 250 000 scallops ranging in size from 20-60 mm were released into Jervis Bay.

Hatchery techniques were broadened to include procedures for the production of triploid P. fumatus. In general, the survival of triploid scallops was considerably lower than that of normal (diploid) scallops, particularly, immediately after treatment and during early larval rearing. No differences were observed between triploid and diploid spat, however, juvenile triploid scallops tended to be larger and heavier with significantly larger muscle tissues. The significant reduction in embryo development percentages (>80%), the relatively low percentage triploidy achieved initially (41%) followed by consistent reductions in percentage triploidy, mean that further research is required before it would be applied to the commercial sector.  

Although our previous research had, for the first time, demonstrated reliable large scale rearing of P. fumatus larvae was possible, several major constraints to hatchery production were noted. Previously, larvae were either retained in the hatchery until they were large enough to be transferred to land based upweller systems, or larvae were settled on mesh in collector bags and transferred directly to the field. A new technique was developed in which larvae were settled on mesh screens held in the hatchery for about a fortnight before being placed in mesh bags at known densities and moved to the field for culture. This technique allows control of spat stocking density, and has produced threefold increases in spat yields over previous bag settlement techniques while significantly reducing maintenance costs.

KEYWORDS: Commercial scallop, hatchery production, farming, reseeding.

This is a report on the second stage of a two part program investigating hatchery production, farming and seeding of the commercial scallop, Pecten fumatus. A total of more than four million scallop spat were produced for farming trials and over 250 000 scallops ranging in size from 20-60 mm were released into Jervis Bay.

Hatchery techniques were broadened to include procedures for the production of triploid P. fumatus. In general, the survival of triploid scallops was considerably lower than that of normal (diploid) scallops, particularly, immediately after treatment and during early larval rearing. No differences were observed between triploid and diploid spat, however, juvenile triploid scallops tended to be larger and heavier with significantly larger muscle tissues. The significant reduction in embryo development percentages (>80%), the relatively low percentage triploidy achieved initially (41%) followed by consistent reductions in percentage triploidy, mean that further research is required before it would be applied to the commercial sector.  

Although our previous research had, for the first time, demonstrated reliable large scale rearing of P. fumatus larvae was possible, several major constraints to hatchery production were noted. Previously, larvae were either retained in the hatchery until they were large enough to be transferred to land based upweller systems, or larvae were settled on mesh in collector bags and transferred directly to the field. A new technique was developed in which larvae were settled on mesh screens held in the hatchery for about a fortnight before being placed in mesh bags at known densities and moved to the field for culture. This technique allows control of spat stocking density, and has produced threefold increases in spat yields over previous bag settlement techniques while significantly reducing maintenance costs.

KEYWORDS: Commercial scallop, hatchery production, farming, reseeding.

This is a report on the second stage of a two part program investigating hatchery production, farming and seeding of the commercial scallop, Pecten fumatus. A total of more than four million scallop spat were produced for farming trials and over 250 000 scallops ranging in size from 20-60 mm were released into Jervis Bay.

Hatchery techniques were broadened to include procedures for the production of triploid P. fumatus. In general, the survival of triploid scallops was considerably lower than that of normal (diploid) scallops, particularly, immediately after treatment and during early larval rearing. No differences were observed between triploid and diploid spat, however, juvenile triploid scallops tended to be larger and heavier with significantly larger muscle tissues. The significant reduction in embryo development percentages (>80%), the relatively low percentage triploidy achieved initially (41%) followed by consistent reductions in percentage triploidy, mean that further research is required before it would be applied to the commercial sector.  

Although our previous research had, for the first time, demonstrated reliable large scale rearing of P. fumatus larvae was possible, several major constraints to hatchery production were noted. Previously, larvae were either retained in the hatchery until they were large enough to be transferred to land based upweller systems, or larvae were settled on mesh in collector bags and transferred directly to the field. A new technique was developed in which larvae were settled on mesh screens held in the hatchery for about a fortnight before being placed in mesh bags at known densities and moved to the field for culture. This technique allows control of spat stocking density, and has produced threefold increases in spat yields over previous bag settlement techniques while significantly reducing maintenance costs.

KEYWORDS: Commercial scallop, hatchery production, farming, reseeding.

This is a report on the second stage of a two part program investigating hatchery production, farming and seeding of the commercial scallop, Pecten fumatus. A total of more than four million scallop spat were produced for farming trials and over 250 000 scallops ranging in size from 20-60 mm were released into Jervis Bay.

Hatchery techniques were broadened to include procedures for the production of triploid P. fumatus. In general, the survival of triploid scallops was considerably lower than that of normal (diploid) scallops, particularly, immediately after treatment and during early larval rearing. No differences were observed between triploid and diploid spat, however, juvenile triploid scallops tended to be larger and heavier with significantly larger muscle tissues. The significant reduction in embryo development percentages (>80%), the relatively low percentage triploidy achieved initially (41%) followed by consistent reductions in percentage triploidy, mean that further research is required before it would be applied to the commercial sector.  

Although our previous research had, for the first time, demonstrated reliable large scale rearing of P. fumatus larvae was possible, several major constraints to hatchery production were noted. Previously, larvae were either retained in the hatchery until they were large enough to be transferred to land based upweller systems, or larvae were settled on mesh in collector bags and transferred directly to the field. A new technique was developed in which larvae were settled on mesh screens held in the hatchery for about a fortnight before being placed in mesh bags at known densities and moved to the field for culture. This technique allows control of spat stocking density, and has produced threefold increases in spat yields over previous bag settlement techniques while significantly reducing maintenance costs.

KEYWORDS: Commercial scallop, hatchery production, farming, reseeding.

This is a report on the second stage of a two part program investigating hatchery production, farming and seeding of the commercial scallop, Pecten fumatus. A total of more than four million scallop spat were produced for farming trials and over 250 000 scallops ranging in size from 20-60 mm were released into Jervis Bay.

Hatchery techniques were broadened to include procedures for the production of triploid P. fumatus. In general, the survival of triploid scallops was considerably lower than that of normal (diploid) scallops, particularly, immediately after treatment and during early larval rearing. No differences were observed between triploid and diploid spat, however, juvenile triploid scallops tended to be larger and heavier with significantly larger muscle tissues. The significant reduction in embryo development percentages (>80%), the relatively low percentage triploidy achieved initially (41%) followed by consistent reductions in percentage triploidy, mean that further research is required before it would be applied to the commercial sector.  

Although our previous research had, for the first time, demonstrated reliable large scale rearing of P. fumatus larvae was possible, several major constraints to hatchery production were noted. Previously, larvae were either retained in the hatchery until they were large enough to be transferred to land based upweller systems, or larvae were settled on mesh in collector bags and transferred directly to the field. A new technique was developed in which larvae were settled on mesh screens held in the hatchery for about a fortnight before being placed in mesh bags at known densities and moved to the field for culture. This technique allows control of spat stocking density, and has produced threefold increases in spat yields over previous bag settlement techniques while significantly reducing maintenance costs.

KEYWORDS: Commercial scallop, hatchery production, farming, reseeding.

This is a report on the second stage of a two part program investigating hatchery production, farming and seeding of the commercial scallop, Pecten fumatus. A total of more than four million scallop spat were produced for farming trials and over 250 000 scallops ranging in size from 20-60 mm were released into Jervis Bay.

Hatchery techniques were broadened to include procedures for the production of triploid P. fumatus. In general, the survival of triploid scallops was considerably lower than that of normal (diploid) scallops, particularly, immediately after treatment and during early larval rearing. No differences were observed between triploid and diploid spat, however, juvenile triploid scallops tended to be larger and heavier with significantly larger muscle tissues. The significant reduction in embryo development percentages (>80%), the relatively low percentage triploidy achieved initially (41%) followed by consistent reductions in percentage triploidy, mean that further research is required before it would be applied to the commercial sector.  

Although our previous research had, for the first time, demonstrated reliable large scale rearing of P. fumatus larvae was possible, several major constraints to hatchery production were noted. Previously, larvae were either retained in the hatchery until they were large enough to be transferred to land based upweller systems, or larvae were settled on mesh in collector bags and transferred directly to the field. A new technique was developed in which larvae were settled on mesh screens held in the hatchery for about a fortnight before being placed in mesh bags at known densities and moved to the field for culture. This technique allows control of spat stocking density, and has produced threefold increases in spat yields over previous bag settlement techniques while significantly reducing maintenance costs.

KEYWORDS: Commercial scallop, hatchery production, farming, reseeding.

This is a report on the second stage of a two part program investigating hatchery production, farming and seeding of the commercial scallop, Pecten fumatus. A total of more than four million scallop spat were produced for farming trials and over 250 000 scallops ranging in size from 20-60 mm were released into Jervis Bay.

Hatchery techniques were broadened to include procedures for the production of triploid P. fumatus. In general, the survival of triploid scallops was considerably lower than that of normal (diploid) scallops, particularly, immediately after treatment and during early larval rearing. No differences were observed between triploid and diploid spat, however, juvenile triploid scallops tended to be larger and heavier with significantly larger muscle tissues. The significant reduction in embryo development percentages (>80%), the relatively low percentage triploidy achieved initially (41%) followed by consistent reductions in percentage triploidy, mean that further research is required before it would be applied to the commercial sector.  

Although our previous research had, for the first time, demonstrated reliable large scale rearing of P. fumatus larvae was possible, several major constraints to hatchery production were noted. Previously, larvae were either retained in the hatchery until they were large enough to be transferred to land based upweller systems, or larvae were settled on mesh in collector bags and transferred directly to the field. A new technique was developed in which larvae were settled on mesh screens held in the hatchery for about a fortnight before being placed in mesh bags at known densities and moved to the field for culture. This technique allows control of spat stocking density, and has produced threefold increases in spat yields over previous bag settlement techniques while significantly reducing maintenance costs.

KEYWORDS: Commercial scallop, hatchery production, farming, reseeding.

This is a report on the second stage of a two part program investigating hatchery production, farming and seeding of the commercial scallop, Pecten fumatus. A total of more than four million scallop spat were produced for farming trials and over 250 000 scallops ranging in size from 20-60 mm were released into Jervis Bay.

Hatchery techniques were broadened to include procedures for the production of triploid P. fumatus. In general, the survival of triploid scallops was considerably lower than that of normal (diploid) scallops, particularly, immediately after treatment and during early larval rearing. No differences were observed between triploid and diploid spat, however, juvenile triploid scallops tended to be larger and heavier with significantly larger muscle tissues. The significant reduction in embryo development percentages (>80%), the relatively low percentage triploidy achieved initially (41%) followed by consistent reductions in percentage triploidy, mean that further research is required before it would be applied to the commercial sector.  

Although our previous research had, for the first time, demonstrated reliable large scale rearing of P. fumatus larvae was possible, several major constraints to hatchery production were noted. Previously, larvae were either retained in the hatchery until they were large enough to be transferred to land based upweller systems, or larvae were settled on mesh in collector bags and transferred directly to the field. A new technique was developed in which larvae were settled on mesh screens held in the hatchery for about a fortnight before being placed in mesh bags at known densities and moved to the field for culture. This technique allows control of spat stocking density, and has produced threefold increases in spat yields over previous bag settlement techniques while significantly reducing maintenance costs.

KEYWORDS: Commercial scallop, hatchery production, farming, reseeding.

This is a report on the second stage of a two part program investigating hatchery production, farming and seeding of the commercial scallop, Pecten fumatus. A total of more than four million scallop spat were produced for farming trials and over 250 000 scallops ranging in size from 20-60 mm were released into Jervis Bay.

Hatchery techniques were broadened to include procedures for the production of triploid P. fumatus. In general, the survival of triploid scallops was considerably lower than that of normal (diploid) scallops, particularly, immediately after treatment and during early larval rearing. No differences were observed between triploid and diploid spat, however, juvenile triploid scallops tended to be larger and heavier with significantly larger muscle tissues. The significant reduction in embryo development percentages (>80%), the relatively low percentage triploidy achieved initially (41%) followed by consistent reductions in percentage triploidy, mean that further research is required before it would be applied to the commercial sector.  

Although our previous research had, for the first time, demonstrated reliable large scale rearing of P. fumatus larvae was possible, several major constraints to hatchery production were noted. Previously, larvae were either retained in the hatchery until they were large enough to be transferred to land based upweller systems, or larvae were settled on mesh in collector bags and transferred directly to the field. A new technique was developed in which larvae were settled on mesh screens held in the hatchery for about a fortnight before being placed in mesh bags at known densities and moved to the field for culture. This technique allows control of spat stocking density, and has produced threefold increases in spat yields over previous bag settlement techniques while significantly reducing maintenance costs.

KEYWORDS: Commercial scallop, hatchery production, farming, reseeding.

This is a report on the second stage of a two part program investigating hatchery production, farming and seeding of the commercial scallop, Pecten fumatus. A total of more than four million scallop spat were produced for farming trials and over 250 000 scallops ranging in size from 20-60 mm were released into Jervis Bay.

Hatchery techniques were broadened to include procedures for the production of triploid P. fumatus. In general, the survival of triploid scallops was considerably lower than that of normal (diploid) scallops, particularly, immediately after treatment and during early larval rearing. No differences were observed between triploid and diploid spat, however, juvenile triploid scallops tended to be larger and heavier with significantly larger muscle tissues. The significant reduction in embryo development percentages (>80%), the relatively low percentage triploidy achieved initially (41%) followed by consistent reductions in percentage triploidy, mean that further research is required before it would be applied to the commercial sector.  

Although our previous research had, for the first time, demonstrated reliable large scale rearing of P. fumatus larvae was possible, several major constraints to hatchery production were noted. Previously, larvae were either retained in the hatchery until they were large enough to be transferred to land based upweller systems, or larvae were settled on mesh in collector bags and transferred directly to the field. A new technique was developed in which larvae were settled on mesh screens held in the hatchery for about a fortnight before being placed in mesh bags at known densities and moved to the field for culture. This technique allows control of spat stocking density, and has produced threefold increases in spat yields over previous bag settlement techniques while significantly reducing maintenance costs.

KEYWORDS: Commercial scallop, hatchery production, farming, reseeding.

This is a report on the second stage of a two part program investigating hatchery production, farming and seeding of the commercial scallop, Pecten fumatus. A total of more than four million scallop spat were produced for farming trials and over 250 000 scallops ranging in size from 20-60 mm were released into Jervis Bay.

Hatchery techniques were broadened to include procedures for the production of triploid P. fumatus. In general, the survival of triploid scallops was considerably lower than that of normal (diploid) scallops, particularly, immediately after treatment and during early larval rearing. No differences were observed between triploid and diploid spat, however, juvenile triploid scallops tended to be larger and heavier with significantly larger muscle tissues. The significant reduction in embryo development percentages (>80%), the relatively low percentage triploidy achieved initially (41%) followed by consistent reductions in percentage triploidy, mean that further research is required before it would be applied to the commercial sector.  

Although our previous research had, for the first time, demonstrated reliable large scale rearing of P. fumatus larvae was possible, several major constraints to hatchery production were noted. Previously, larvae were either retained in the hatchery until they were large enough to be transferred to land based upweller systems, or larvae were settled on mesh in collector bags and transferred directly to the field. A new technique was developed in which larvae were settled on mesh screens held in the hatchery for about a fortnight before being placed in mesh bags at known densities and moved to the field for culture. This technique allows control of spat stocking density, and has produced threefold increases in spat yields over previous bag settlement techniques while significantly reducing maintenance costs.

KEYWORDS: Commercial scallop, hatchery production, farming, reseeding.

This is a report on the second stage of a two part program investigating hatchery production, farming and seeding of the commercial scallop, Pecten fumatus. A total of more than four million scallop spat were produced for farming trials and over 250 000 scallops ranging in size from 20-60 mm were released into Jervis Bay.

Hatchery techniques were broadened to include procedures for the production of triploid P. fumatus. In general, the survival of triploid scallops was considerably lower than that of normal (diploid) scallops, particularly, immediately after treatment and during early larval rearing. No differences were observed between triploid and diploid spat, however, juvenile triploid scallops tended to be larger and heavier with significantly larger muscle tissues. The significant reduction in embryo development percentages (>80%), the relatively low percentage triploidy achieved initially (41%) followed by consistent reductions in percentage triploidy, mean that further research is required before it would be applied to the commercial sector.  

Although our previous research had, for the first time, demonstrated reliable large scale rearing of P. fumatus larvae was possible, several major constraints to hatchery production were noted. Previously, larvae were either retained in the hatchery until they were large enough to be transferred to land based upweller systems, or larvae were settled on mesh in collector bags and transferred directly to the field. A new technique was developed in which larvae were settled on mesh screens held in the hatchery for about a fortnight before being placed in mesh bags at known densities and moved to the field for culture. This technique allows control of spat stocking density, and has produced threefold increases in spat yields over previous bag settlement techniques while significantly reducing maintenance costs.

KEYWORDS: Commercial scallop, hatchery production, farming, reseeding.

This is a report on the second stage of a two part program investigating hatchery production, farming and seeding of the commercial scallop, Pecten fumatus. A total of more than four million scallop spat were produced for farming trials and over 250 000 scallops ranging in size from 20-60 mm were released into Jervis Bay.

Hatchery techniques were broadened to include procedures for the production of triploid P. fumatus. In general, the survival of triploid scallops was considerably lower than that of normal (diploid) scallops, particularly, immediately after treatment and during early larval rearing. No differences were observed between triploid and diploid spat, however, juvenile triploid scallops tended to be larger and heavier with significantly larger muscle tissues. The significant reduction in embryo development percentages (>80%), the relatively low percentage triploidy achieved initially (41%) followed by consistent reductions in percentage triploidy, mean that further research is required before it would be applied to the commercial sector.  

Although our previous research had, for the first time, demonstrated reliable large scale rearing of P. fumatus larvae was possible, several major constraints to hatchery production were noted. Previously, larvae were either retained in the hatchery until they were large enough to be transferred to land based upweller systems, or larvae were settled on mesh in collector bags and transferred directly to the field. A new technique was developed in which larvae were settled on mesh screens held in the hatchery for about a fortnight before being placed in mesh bags at known densities and moved to the field for culture. This technique allows control of spat stocking density, and has produced threefold increases in spat yields over previous bag settlement techniques while significantly reducing maintenance costs.

KEYWORDS: Commercial scallop, hatchery production, farming, reseeding.

This is a report on the second stage of a two part program investigating hatchery production, farming and seeding of the commercial scallop, Pecten fumatus. A total of more than four million scallop spat were produced for farming trials and over 250 000 scallops ranging in size from 20-60 mm were released into Jervis Bay.

Hatchery techniques were broadened to include procedures for the production of triploid P. fumatus. In general, the survival of triploid scallops was considerably lower than that of normal (diploid) scallops, particularly, immediately after treatment and during early larval rearing. No differences were observed between triploid and diploid spat, however, juvenile triploid scallops tended to be larger and heavier with significantly larger muscle tissues. The significant reduction in embryo development percentages (>80%), the relatively low percentage triploidy achieved initially (41%) followed by consistent reductions in percentage triploidy, mean that further research is required before it would be applied to the commercial sector.  

Although our previous research had, for the first time, demonstrated reliable large scale rearing of P. fumatus larvae was possible, several major constraints to hatchery production were noted. Previously, larvae were either retained in the hatchery until they were large enough to be transferred to land based upweller systems, or larvae were settled on mesh in collector bags and transferred directly to the field. A new technique was developed in which larvae were settled on mesh screens held in the hatchery for about a fortnight before being placed in mesh bags at known densities and moved to the field for culture. This technique allows control of spat stocking density, and has produced threefold increases in spat yields over previous bag settlement techniques while significantly reducing maintenance costs.

KEYWORDS: Commercial scallop, hatchery production, farming, reseeding.