Effects of Trawling Subprogram: maximising yield and reducing discards in the South East Trawl Fishery through gear development and evaluation - FRDC Secretariat file
South East Fishery Industry Development Subprogram: facilitation, administration and promotion
To achieve the complementary outcomes of sustainability and economic benefits to the stakeholders in the SEF, a whole of chain approach to R&D is required (which is in accordance with government direction on R&D planning). Current practice focuses on the biology and fishery management which has precluded more innovative ways of adding value. Following a workshop held in November 1999 (Canberra) a recommendation was made that FRDC develop a subprogram to support the industry development component of R&D for the SEF. This application will develop the subprogram over the next year and produce a Strategic Plan that incorporates a whole of chain approach.
Final report
The bulk of the research that has been carried out for the South East Fishery (SEF) over the last decade has focussed on the collection of biological data, assessment of the status of fish stocks, research into the economics of the fishery, and the impact of fishing on the environment. In recent years, the need for a broader research and development (R&D) coverage to address whole of supply chain needs of the SEF has been recognised by Industry, AFMA, the Management Advisory Committees (MACs) and the Fisheries Research and Development Corporation. The SEF Industry Development Subprogram was established to help develop a whole of supply chain R&D strategy for the SEF and initiate new R&D projects to implement the strategy through increasing the value of SEF products by value-adding to fish products, adopting new technologies and improving utilisation of catches. To enable this, a Steering Committee of Industry representatives with expertise in the SEF whole of supply chain was formed to help foster and prioritise R&D into industry development areas. This report summarises the progress of the Subprogram over the first 18 months of operation to June 2001.
Two Subprogram meetings have been held. In the first, the role of the FRDC Subprogram and Steering Committee was outlined and the broad scope of the R&D strategy was developed. At the second meeting a range of pre-proposals were considered and we worked towards development of other projects that would fall within the scope of our priority R&D. We initially focused on two priority R&D areas: skills/training and fish waste utilisation. It was recognised that there was a need for skill development and training across the fishery’s supply chain, especially in areas such as product handling, food safety and OH&S issues. We are currently working with the relevant national and state seafood training bodies to plan and implement a training package relevant to the SEF. The significant level of fish wastes that are discarded by the industry from both the catching and processing sectors was another priority area. It was agreed to promote and support R&D that aimed to improve the utilisation of non-quota bycatch species by investigating suitable and cost-effective techniques to process the wide variety of discarded fish waste into products such as aquaculture feeds, silage, fish mince, fishmeal. Another waste minimisation option that is being explored is the use of value adding, improved promotion and targeted marketing campaigns to increase retention of certain low-value species that are usually discarded. Workshops to discuss training and waste utilisation R&D are planned for October 2001 with the aim of submitting a suite of related projects for funding by FRDC and other agencies.
The Subprogram’s first project entitled “The E-boat - implementation of an on-board electronic data collection and transmission system” began in May 2001. Jointly funded by AFFA and FRDC, the project is progressing well following an extensive phase of software development and modification to make it user-friendlier to the fishers. A working presentation of the software has been given at a number of venues and has received positive feedback from the industry groups. Work is progressing to enable the direct transfer of logbook data from fishers to AFMA to meet their SEF1 requirements. Trial data transfers have proceeded well and real data transfer is expected to take place early 2002. The potential for data from the E-boat software to directly feed into E-commerce sites, such as SFM-live, is being investigated.
Although slow to start, the Subprogram has achieved many of its initial objectives. The process of getting people together from across the whole of supply chain and networking has been valuable and is proving fruitful with respect to communication, advice and feedback from all sectors of the Industry. It is expected that within the next year or two, the full benefits of the development of the SEF Industry Development Subprogram should be realised with the initiation of a number of R&D projects under the umbrella of the Subprogram. The FRDC has supported a proposal to continue the Subprogram for a further two years from July 2001 to June 2003. After this time, the Steering Committee believes there should be a review of the progress of the Subprogram and the value of its future operation.
Keywords: South East Fishery, industry development, value-adding, training, waste utilisation.
Development of a harvest management, governance and resource sharing framework for a complex multi-sector, multi-jurisdiction fishery: the south-east Australian ‘western’ snapper stock
Development of intensive commercial aquaculture production technology for Murray cod
1. The Murray cod is highly valued and sought after as a table fish.
2. The current market relies on a small wild commercial fishery which provides limited quantities
of fish of highly variable quality on a seasonal basis.
3. A hatchery-based industry for fingerling production is already well established in Victoria
and NSW.
4. Methods are currently being developed by both industry and government (MAFRI) to
commercially produce market-size Murray cod in tanks and ponds with both natural and artificial
diets under a range of intensive/semi-intensive and ambient/controlled environment conditions.
5. A new market-driven R&D program designed to facilitate industry development of Murray cod
aquaculture is planned, which will involve strong government support and industry support and
participation.
6. Intensive commercial production and associated value-adding and co-operative marketing will
provide more consistent quality and supply of product, with the added advantage of being able
to target niche markets.
A vertically integrated Murray cod aquaculture industry is envisaged for Australia, with some elements, already in place. Key components include a conventional three tier Production component, viz. Hatchery, Nursery, Growout, tapping into a four tier market scenario, viz. juveniles (for recreational and conservation stock enhancement and as seed for nursery and/or growout operations; the latter ultimately for human consumption), sub-adults/advanced stockers (for sale to growout operations and also small numbers selected for genetically improved/domesticated broodfish), Table/plate size fish (for human consumption; includes both domestic and export, live and gilled and gutted/fillet consumption), and broodfish (small numbers of genetically improved stock for future domesticated commercial strains of juveniles specially selected for the growout market). Some Production levels may also undertake hatchery and/or nursery operations for their own and other industry needs as a fully self-contained, fully integrated business unit. The proposed R&D project will focus on three key tasks, viz genetics improvement, diet development and fish health, all of which are relevant to varying degrees to all production levels/markets of the developing industry. A schematic summary of the above is attached for information.
Specific industry needs for Murray cod R&D for the proposed project have been identified as a two part consultation process (see also Section B5), viz:
1. A workshop on 13 August, 1998, convened by MAFRI, involving relevant scientific, extension and management personnel from MAFRI, Deakin University, Victorian Institute for Animal Science and Fisheries Victoria, and some 30 delegates from industry from both Victoria and NSW (including both practising and proposed Murray cod farmers)(see copy of Workshop agenda attached). This meeting established a network of Murray cod farmers that would be interested in collaborating on a project, together with identifying and setting broad R&D priorities for future work. The initial FRDC Murray cod funding proposal was developed largely on the basis of this proposal.
2. A detailed questionnaire was faxed to a selection of existing and/or proposed Murray cod farmers in Victoria, SA and NSW, including the preliminary R&D consortium established at the September 1998 workshop, on 11 March, 1999 (see list attached). This questionnaire summarised an annotated list of six key R&D priorities as discussed at the September workshop and invited farmers to score the priorities in order of decreasing importance/significance/need etc (see copy attached). The results of the questionnaire have been collated and summarised (see copy attached), with the outcome being that three specific R&D priorities have been clearly identified by industry (accounting for 63% of the total vote). Accordingly, the present proposal has been revised to reflect the specific needs identified by industry through this consultation process (see revised Objectives, Methods, Budget etc). A schematic summary of the developing Murray cod aquaculture industry, identifying the areas in which the proposed R&D priorities/actions are relevant is attached.
In summary, the key needs are:
1. Fish health: Minimising stress from outbreaks and therapeutic treatments to maximise not only survival but longer term growth is critical. Disease induced checks to growth at key physiological development stages has profound impacts on future production. eg. up to 30% loss of suitable seed can occur during the weaning/immediate post-weaning phase due to fish weakened by infection; survival in fry ponds can be reduced from an average of 75% to as low as 5% due to disease outbreaks etc..
2. Genetic improvement: most broodstock currently in use for seedstock production is essentially selected from wild populations and/or first generation (F1) progeny randomly selected from hatchery fish. The breeding system is defined as an "open" system in which there is no/little effort to select hatchery progeny as future broodstock based on specific characteristics suitable for specific markets. Indeed, to date considerable effort has been extended to ensure genetic integrity remains intact for enhancement of wild populations by maximising/randomising genetic resources. Selection for improved growout performance at the same time as protecting wild genetic material is the imperative.
3. Diet development: established feed regimes and associated diets currently in use are based largely on production of seed for enhancement and rely heavily on natural food production. Increased production through intensification requires higher energy, more efficient feeds and feed practices. Artificial diets currently in use for this purpose are largely adapted from existing salmonid, barramundi and silver perch diets, and are not species specific formulated. Consequent problems include sub optimal FCR's and developmental problems such as lipidosis.