Guidelines for the updated Harvest Strategy Policy
The Commonwealth first implemented a Fisheries Harvest Strategy Policy (the policy) in 2007. In 2012 the then Department of Agriculture conducted a review of the policy which found the policy to be effective. The review also concluded that additional policy direction was required in some areas. An updated Harvest Strategy Policy is currently being drafted that builds on the successes of the 2007 policy and addresses the needs identified. Like the 2007 policy, this updated policy will require guidelines for its effective implementation.
In collaboration with experts and a broad range of stakeholders, this project will facilitate the development and delivery of updated guidelines for the updated policy. Every effort will be made to ensure that these new guidelines are as practical as possible and provide genuine guidance for fisheries managers (and the various experts that support fisheries management processes) whose jobs it is to operationalize the directives contained within the updated policy.
See attachment for further detail.
Final report
The Commonwealth Fisheries Harvest Strategy Policy (Harvest Strategy Policy) establishes the requirement for developing a harvest strategy in Commonwealth-managed fisheries. Objectives for fishery harvest strategies are prescribed by the Harvest Strategy Policy, along with the need for assessment and evaluation of performance against those objectives.
These guidelines aim to provide practical assistance in the development of fishery-specific harvest strategies in Commonwealth-managed fisheries that meet the intent of the Harvest Strategy Policy. The guidelines provide important contextual information to assist interpretation of the Harvest Strategy Policy and to support harvest strategy development and implementation. While the guidelines have made every attempt to cover the latest scientific and economic thinking, there will likely be technical and scientific advancement relevant to harvest strategies during the lifetime of these guidelines. Such advancements should be monitored for their utility in pursuing the objectives and requirements for harvest strategies in Commonwealth-managed fisheries. Throughout the document, examples are provided to illustrate key points or provide practical examples of how to address specific challenges associated with harvest strategy implementation.
Operating in parallel with the Harvest Strategy Policy is the Commonwealth Fisheries Bycatch Policy (the Bycatch Policy). The Australian Government has also developed Guidelines for the Implementation of the Commonwealth Fisheries Bycatch Policy. These two sets of guidelines are intended to be complementary and provide guidance across the full suite of stocks and species interacted with in Commonwealth-managed fisheries.
Chapter 2 of these guidelines elaborates on principles introduced or articulated in the policy. These include principles of risk–cost–catch (RCC), the use of indicators, performance measures, reference points and harvest control rules (HCR) in harvest strategies, interpretation of the 90% risk criterion, spatial and temporal management, and application of the Harvest Strategy Policy to jointly managed, shared and international stocks.
Chapter 3 of these guidelines focuses on the key elements of categorisation including how to distinguish key commercial stocks from byproduct stocks.
Chapter 4 expands on the requirements for developing harvest strategies in Commonwealth-managed fisheries, including the legislation and policy requirements, the maximum economic yield (MEY) target, operationalising the MEY objective and maintaining risk equivalency across stocks.
Chapter 5 provides guidance on determining limit reference points, including the policy requirements, proxies and alternatives for limit reference points, indicators, ecological risk assessment (ERA), ecological risk management (ERM) and other controls to manage risk.
Chapter 6 discusses aspects of rebuilding overfished stocks, including selecting rebuilding time frames, performance monitoring, recommencing targeted fishing and reviewing rebuilding strategies.
Chapter 7 explains concepts of variability, regime shift and climate change and applying these concepts to harvest strategy design.
Chapter 8 provides guidance on performance assessment and reporting, including technical evaluation of harvest strategies, collection and maintenance of records, the role of fishery management strategies and reporting requirements.
Chapter 9 discusses implementation and review and Chapter 10 provides a number of examples that demonstrate how harvest strategies or elements of harvest strategies may be developed and implemented across different fisheries and stocks.
Development of a cohesive industry-wide policy on Eco-Certification for Australian commercial fisheries
There is growing producer and consumer interest in, and demand for, environmentally sustainable seafood products, both nationally and internationally. Australia is a world leader in sustainable fisheries management and the Australian fishing industry is highly supportive of ecosystem based management. However industry continually bears the cost of implementing measures to improve and demonstrate fishery and environmental sustainability, without deriving the benefits which can flow from demands for sustainable seafood.
It is therefore imperative that Australian fisheries progress rapidly to eco-certification, to derive benefits from existing best practice applied in management of our fisheries, encourage continual improvement in fishing practices, and to provide a clear point of difference in the marketplace to cheaper imported products which are typically not subject to the same strict environmental and management constraints.
In order to achieve this there is a pressing need to address the existing policy vaccuum at government level regarding third party eco-certification for fisheries, including development of funding mechanisms which will facilitate the pursuit of third party eco-certification.
Key drivers for the development of this proposal include:
- Increasing focus from the fishing industry on the need to pursue eco-certification as a means of differentiating Australian seafood in domestic and international markets to maintain market access, increase market demand and maximize competitive advantage.
- The opportunity to better inform consumers about the sustainability of Australian seafood and inform choices that consumers make when buying seafood
Final report
The project facilitated on-going discussion within industry on eco-certification for the Australian seafood industry.
The project demonstrated that clear benefits can be gained from eco-certification and that there are numerous certification programs available to industry. This is consistent with the outcomes of the October 2011 environmental workshop that future access to eco-certification programmes must be voluntary and non-discriminatory.
The project also highlighted that there are varying views within some sectors of industry, including the National Seafood Industry Alliance (NSIA) on the need for and the benefits of eco-certification.
The project has resulted in on-going support by the Commonwealth Fisheries Association (CFA) for the development of a whole of government eco-certification policy (including funding) for Australian fisheries. This position has been incorporated into a CFA policy paper as part of the CFA 2013 Federal Election policy platform.
The NSIA is still developing its position on the proposal for a government policy on eco-certification however at least two members (WAFIC and CFA) support the approach. A key recommendation in this report is that any FAO-compliant ‘Australian Standard’ which may be developed in the future should be available to commercial fishers on a voluntary basis under an eco-certification policy.
Mud cockle (Katelysia spp.) stock enhancement/restoration: practical implementation and policy evaluation
Seafood CRC: policy shift to risk-based fisheries management – phase 1 proof of concept
Western Australia is in the process of compiling a new Fisheries Act to replace the Fisheries Resources Management Act of 1994. It gives the State the opportunity to examine a suite of management plans for fisheries, with a view to simplifying and improving them. Other jurisdictions are making similar changes, but none are looking at a comprehensive ‘blank page’ approach. This has never before been attempted in Australia (indeed, it has never been tried anywhere to our knowledge) but is the logical conclusion in a move to emulate the Food Standards Code and OH&S Code and move to minimum effective regulation. The outcome will be to move to a risk-based management system, replacing the traditional management systems.
Technical Review for the Commonwealth Policy on Fisheries Bycatch: risk-based approaches, reference points and decisions rules for bycatch and byproduct species
In the past few years, the fishing sector has come under intense scrutiny for the poor management of bycatch, especially threatened, endangered and protected species, and incidentally caught shark species. It has been ten years since the development of the commonwealth and national bycatch policies and circumstances and issues relating to bycatch management have changed considerably from a domestic and international perspective.
Outputs/outcomes from a review of existing Australian bycatch policies will assist in delivering the following:
- streamlining current approaches for the management of bycatch and threatened, endangered and protected species, to reduce regulatory and financial burden to fishers and fisheries managers while increasing the effectiveness of minimising bycatch;
- increase the confidence of consumers that the management of Australian fisheries and production of seafood can be sustainable;
- further advancing claims that Australia has sustainably managed fisheries that link with domestic and international legislative and policy objectives.
Final report
Treating prawns with an extended dip in Everfresh
The majority of the world’s sea snakes are found in the tropical waters of the Indo-West Pacific, with a high proportion of species in Australian waters. As a group, sea snakes, and the impact of perceived threats to their survival, are not well-known or understood. Sea snakes are threatened by a number of human-related activities including bycatch, directed fisheries, habitat degradation and reduction, and pollution. Much of what is currently known about sea snakes is from their capture in fisheries bycatch.
Many species of sea snakes prefer near-shore, shallow waters, including estuaries and brackish water habitats, which are areas that are often highly impacted by coastal development and aquaculture. Furthermore, sea snakes are exploited for their meat, skin and internal organs in many parts of the world, but they are not currently protected under CITES. However, given these potentially serious threats, there has never been an assessment of the conservation status and population trends, and threat of extinction to these charismatic species. Without a thorough assessment of the status of sea snake species, we do not have the appropriate information needed to design, target and implement effective protection and conservation strategies. This proposal to conduct a global assessment of sea snakes will bring together the world’s leading experts, and in making the results internationally available through the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, will support conservation planning and policy development.
This project will help inform fisheries management in Queensland in order to protect their marine resources and employ sustainable fishing practices. Red List species assessments can also be used as indicators of success of management over time.
Final report
SESSF Monitoring and Assessment – Strategic Review
There is increased awareness of the need for ecosystem-based fisheries management, with increased public expectations for sustainable management of fished stocks. However, reduced catch levels and increasing costs have stimulated industry calls for reductions in management costs, or for more effective use of the existing cost-recovered funds. Budget limitations have already led to annual fishery independent surveys (FIS) carried out less frequently, reduced observer monitoring (ISMP) to fund other projects, alternation of FIS and ISMP from year to year, use of Crew Member Observers (CMOs) to collect on-board length frequencies, retaining species at lower tier assessments instead of Tier 1 assessments, ad-hoc implementation of more multiyear TACs combined with adhoc implementation of break-out rules, reduction of the frequency of Tier1 stock assessments, and the postponement of critical Tier 1 stock assessments. Whilst all of these approaches are feasible and practical responses, their combined influence on the effectiveness of the monitoring and assessment at achieving desired management objectives has not been tested or demonstrated.
Current budget restrictions on AFMA have resulted in a departure from scheduled monitoring and assessment work, with increasing ad-hoc decisions about which components of that work undertaken each year. There is growing concern by stakeholders that the present monitoring and assessment program is incapable of addressing these developments. SETFIA and other industry associations are particularly concerned that fishing concession levies funding current arrangements will become unaffordable.
Given AFMA's legislative objectives to ensure ecologically sustainable development, to maximise net economic returns and to ensure cost-effective fisheries management, AFMA has proposed this project to develop proposals for a structured and cost-effective research, monitoring and assessment program to respond to requirements and emerging issues in the SESSF over the next 5 years. It may be possible to extend this horizon should a fully quantitative project follow this proposal.