Determining if the CCSBT Management Procedure sufficiently demonstrates sustainability credentials of Australian Southern Bluefin Tuna
After discussions with MSC, ASBTIA applied for MSC and completed the pre-assessment (ACDR) for SBT caught in the Great Australian Bight (GAB) for farming. An approved CAB, Marine Resources and Assessment Group (MRAG) completed the ACDR (attached) and identified three possible challenges to certification. First was that the MSC Standard requires the product to be “landed.” This was resolved because SBT caught for farming is officially deemed “landed” by AFMA and CCSBT. Second was the SBT listing under the EPBC Act 1999 – the same problem faced by Orange Roughy East (ORE). ASBTIA has applied to the Australian Minister for Environment for SBT to be delisted in 2021.
Another major problem is that the MSC Standard requires the SBT stock to be “at least an 80% probability that the true status of the stock is higher than the point at which there is an appreciable risk of recruitment being impaired” (MSC Standard SA2.2.1.1 and SA2.2.1.2). The Standard notes that: “Where proxy indicators and reference points are used to score Principle 1 (Pl 1.1.1), the team shall justify their use as reasonable proxies of stock biomass for the PRI and/or MSY.” The Standard also notes that “The recent trends in fishing mortality rate may be used as a means of scoring stock status.” (SA2.2.4). Currently the CCSBT MP is tuned to a 70% probability of rebuilding the stock to the interim rebuilding target reference point of 20% of the original spawning stock biomass by 2035, which does not meet the MSC Standards.
As soon as this problem was identified by MRAG in the ACDR – ASBTIA had detailed discussions with AWE and CSIRO on how this barrier could be overcome. The view that SBT could not pass the MSC Principle 1 without this being resolved was then supported by the ISSF analysis in February 2021 (see www.iss-foundation.org) CSIRO noted that the problem could be addressed by a project – but that it required use of data and analysis which evolved from the meetings of the CCSBT Extended Scientific Committee (ESC) but were not published or used in the ESC annual Reports (see www.ccsbt.org)
Final report
This research project is an important step for the Australian Southern Bluefin Tuna fishery for catching fish for farms. The project directly addressed the point which is seen as the remaining barrier to the fishery achieving Marine Stewardship Council certification.
The project establishes that Southern Bluefin Tuna exceeds considerably the Marine Stewardship Council sustainability criteria required to meet Marine Stewardship Council Principle 1: Sustainable target fish stocks. The methodology used by Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation was confirmed by the Commission for the Conservation of Southern Bluefin Tuna Extended Scientific Committee in August 2021 and might be seen as model to be used by other fisheries facing the same problem with certification bodies.
Australian Southern Bluefin Tuna Ranching Research, Development and Extension Management Program
This project is essential for the continued function and improvement of a cohesive R&D approach aimed at meeting the priority needs of the SBT Aquaculture Industry. The industry had developed rapidly post its initiation in 1991 and has the opportunity to continue to do so beyond 2020. However, targeted R&D is needed to underpin this development and to assure the long-term sustainability of the industry in an increasingly competitive international market. This project is required for the continuation and further development of research in the SBT aquaculture industry, to set and meet objectives, as well as ensuring appropriate inputs and outcomes are delivered to FRDC.
The SBT Research Program is needed to:
- provide the opportunity for an ongoing management structure to oversee active research projects and ensure desired outcomes are achieved;
- set research priorities and develop projects to match priorities;
- minimise the level of research duplication;
- provide a focus for developing SBT aquaculture related research infrastructure;
- provide focused strategy for disseminating research results to industry and other stakeholders;
- address industry priorities and gaps by establishing a mechanism to empower industry's involvement in their research;
- maintain frameworks to ensure that SBT aquaculture research is orderly, targeted and value for money;
- facilitate leadership and training for industry workforce;
- support industry participation in conferences, congresses and forums to enhance industry knowledge of relevant subjects, address threats to industry, expand affiliations with external sectors and increase research networks;
- build cross sectorial relationships within seafood industries , research institutions and the media;
- identify new pathways relevant to future research and the continuing success of the program; and
- provide a mechanism for obtaining feedback for continuous program improvement.
ASBTIA Southern Bluefin Tuna Research Program: Coordination, Facilitation and Administration
People development program: 2012 FRDC governance scholarship for women - Claire Webber
Industry organisations need to build their capacity to meet future challenges and opportunities. Building the skills and confidence for industry to influence is one aspect of capacity that the people development program aims to address through this project, providing opportunity to influence is another.
There is a need for coordinated delivery of opportunities to develop governance capability in the fishing
industry and and to promote opportunitites to foster diversity through succession planning within industry committees and boards.
ASBTIA: SBT Research Program - Coordination, facilitation and administration
This Project is essential for the development of a cohesive research and development approach aimed at meeting the priority needs of the SBT
Ranching Industry. The industry has developed rapidly since its initiation in 1990 and has the opportunity to continue to do so; however targeted research and development is needed to underpin this development and to assure the long-term sustainability of the industry in an increasingly competitive international market.This project provides the basis for the reinvigorated SBT Research Program.
The SBT Research Programincludes a management structure to oversee the active research projects and ensure they
1. achieve the desired outcomes;
2. provides a focused strategy for disseminating research results to industry and obtaining feedback;
3. define research priorities
4. ensures that the minimum level of duplication occurs in the provision of research services;
5. provide a focus for SBT ranched research and sucessional planning of key persons;
6. addresses industry priorities by establishing a mechanism to empower industry's involvement in their research;
7. establishes a framework to ensure that SBT ranched research is orderly and targeted;
8. disseminates, where appropriate, research information to stakeholders.
Opportunities also exist for the development of further research proposals targeted at other research and development funding agencies (eg.
ARC Linkage, AusIndustry and DAFF 9Program to replace Food Processing Regional Australia Program ). These research proposals will address research priorities as defined in the FRDC SBT Aquaculture (Wild- Capture) Strategic R&D Plan – Towards 2012: Striving for a Profitable and Sustainable Future.
Final report
Aquafin CRC - SBT Aquaculture Subprogram: provision of research platforms for projects requiring Port Lincoln based R&D support
NEED
This project is essential for cost effective and cohesive R&D aimed at meeting the priority needs of the
highly successful SBT aquaculture industry. While the industry has developed rapidly since its initiation in
1990, R&D is a pivotal requirement to underpin its development and assure the long-term sustainability of
the industry. This project is focused on maintaining an offshore SBT R&D capability.
It involves providing services to support to research activities undertaken on and around offshore commercial tuna farms including managing and coordinating the infrastructure for small scale, experimental, high risk and/or novel research and development activities utilizing live SBT.
These services have been and continue to be required by a range of projects managed by the SBT Aquaculture Subprogram (the specific scientific methods associated with each research project are developed more fully within the relevant project).
This project will:
1) ensure high quality technical services are provided in Port Lincoln to tuna researchers in a coordinated
way. These services are provided for experiments primarily on commercial tuna farms and the waters adjacent to these.
2) ensure that the use of the available resources is optimized and that a minimum level of duplication
occurs;
3) enable the costs associated with these activities to be clearly distinguished;
4) play a key role in communication between researchers and tuna farmers, as the project staff is based in
Port Lincoln, the centre of commercial activities.
This project will provide support for scientists involved in effectively undertaking research using the new commercial (industry) seacage research platform, where research with live tuna will occur on commercial farms. This strategy has the advantage of conducting research in the most appropriate circumstances to achieve the desired outcome. The greater industry involvement in this project, through the involvement of an experienced industry operator, also has the advantage of improving the transfer of research outcomes to industry, involving industry to a greater extent in the evaluation of outcomes, enhancing industry development of innovative technologies and practices to address commercial issues,and disseminating information more representative of their commercial operations. All these aspects are important in facilitating the take up and commercialization of the research outcomes.
Final report
Aquafin CRC - SBT Aquaculture Subprogram: quality and nutritional evaluation of baitfish used for tuna farming
In 1999/00, Southern bluefin tuna farming production will reach A$220 million. The industry is fully reliant on whole baitfish, predominantly pilchards, as the optimum feed to promote tuna growth in the sea pens. Unfortunately, because of Australian catch quotas on this resource, only a small proportion of the quantity required by industry can be sourced in Australia - the remainder of the requirements are sourced from overseas. For the continued success of the tuna farming industry stability in feed resources must be sustained.
Final report
The project provided nutritional profiles for all types of baitfish used for feed in the Southern Bluefin Tuna (SBT) (Thunnus maccoyii) Aquaculture Industry, as well as for the only available commercially produced compound feed and SBT. Included are values for amino acid and fatty acid profiles for most bait types and proximate analysis for all bait types.
The nutritional profiles have been determined by taking baitfish samples that coincided with major shipments of baitfish in the industry or landings of local pilchards. Weston Food Laboratories, Sydney, Australia undertook all analytical testing.
Often replicate samples were taken and provided to other projects. These included projects researching the development of NIR (Near Infra Red) technology that has the potential to provide a quick screening method for the proximate analysis of baitfish “2001/249 Aquafin CRC - SBT Aquaculture Subprogram: development and commercial evaluation of manufactured diets” and investigating the relationship of residues in the flesh of baitfish and wild caught and farmed SBT “2003/227 Aquafin CRC - SBT Aquaculture Subprogram: development and validation of baitfish sampling methods to address international residue standards for southern bluefin tuna (Thunnus maccoyii)”.
The baitfish profiles produced have been of significant value as they have heightened the understanding of nutrition in SBT farming. This has led to other projects including “2004/211 Aquafin CRC - FRDC SBT Aquaculture Subprogram: nutritional profiles of baitfish 3: effects of harvest and post-harvest processes on quality of local pilchards for feeding SBT” and “2000/221.20 Aquafin CRC - FRDC SBT Aquaculture Subprogram: quality and nutritional evaluation of baitfish used for tuna farming project 2000/221 (extension)”. Both of these projects will significantly enhance the understanding of baitfish feeds used in the SBT industry.
A direct result of this project has been the development of a feed optimisation program “Formu-Bait”. This software combines the current nutritional understanding of SBT, nutrition and industry feeding strategies with the baitfish database generated by this project.
As part of the original objectives the project sought to determine seasonal variability in the nutritional profiles of key baitfish. This was not achieved due to the seasonal nature of SBT farming (December – September) and the limited period over which most baitfish is purchased or caught. However, there appears to be a seasonal trend in the local caught pilchards (Sardinops neopilchardus) which shows a slight increase in fat content of pilchards caught during the summer/autumn months. This trend may be the result of up-wellings that occur in the lower Spencer Gulf and East Great Australian Bight during this time of year providing food to the pilchards.
To take this project further there is a need to test more SBT and baitfish to build on the current database, particularly where gaps exist or unexplained variability is high.
Keywords: Baitfish profiles, aquaculture, nutrition, SBT farming.