NCCP: Fishing Australia National Carp Control Program Episodes
NCCP: Development of strategies to optimise release and clean up strategies underpinning possible use of herpesvirus 3 (CyHV-3) for carp biocontrol in Australia
NCCP: Preparing for carp herpesvirus: a carp biomass estimate for eastern Australia
NCCP: Building community support for carp control: understanding community and stakeholder attitudes and assessing social effects
The National Carp Control Plan (NCCP) will be delivered over a large geographic area in waterways used by, among others, thousands of farmers, fishers, tourists, boaters and nearby residents. Achieving high social acceptance of the NCCP requires understanding the attitudes held by different community members and stakeholder groups towards potential virus release and other carp control measures, and why these attitudes are held. In particular, it is critical to understand perceptions of the potential positive and negative social, environmental and economic effects of proposed carp control measures, and to use this understanding to design (i) strategies that can maximise potential positive outcomes and minimise potential negative impacts, (ii) ensure accurate and effective communication with the wide range of groups potentially affected by, or interested in, the NCCP, and (iii) through this build trust in the process and actions involved in eventual implementation of carp control measures as part of the NCCP. This requires engaging not in a ‘one-off’ assessment of community attitudes and potential effects of carp control measures, but using an action research approach in which community and stakeholders views are regularly assessed and analysed in the period in which the NCCP is developed (2017-2018), with this understanding used to actively inform the design of both the proposed plan of action for virus release or other potential control measures, and communication strategies about actions proposed as part of the NCCP. This pro-active approach can enable design of a plan for carp control that incorporates actions that reduce potential for negative impacts and increase community trust in the process.
Final report
Assessing the people and capability framework for the aquaculture industry
Development of sector-specific biosecurity plan templates and guidance documents for the Australian farmed barramundi industry
Understanding factors influencing undercaught TACs, declining catch rates and failure to recover for many quota species in the Southern and Eastern Scalefish and Shark Fishery
Despite the indicators of improvements in fish stock status for SESSF species, the fishery as a whole is failing to catch the TACs of many quota species. Moreover, catch rates for many quota species are continuing to decline despite the historically low levels of fishing effort. The fishery is not in an economic position where it can afford to operate below potential - this under catch equates to a considerable lost opportunity in both the financial value and the volume of fish available for the consumer. Net economic returns for the CTS have recently fallen to $1.4 million in 2013–14, the lowest level since the buyback. NER in the GHaT has been negative since 2008–09. Recent economc analyses (Pascoe pers comm) have revealed that if all vessels could catch the full recommended quota, revenues of the CTS would more than double, while the GHaT revenues would increase by around 24%. For the CTS, average vessel profits are likely to increase by between $200k and $500k, with an average increase of around $380k.
So, what is the cause of the current situation in the SESSF?
There are a variety of different reasons given for the SESSF's TAC undercatch, depending on who you talk to. Anecdotally, it has variously been attributed to reduction in fleet fishing capacity, effort reduction, legislative barriers, spatial closures, changed behaviour of operators, market factors, quota ownership and trading, cost of production, changes in catch per unit of effort, climate change and its impact on oceanographic conditions and potential range shifts of species. It is also quite likely that it is a combination of a number of the above factors.
What can be done?
With such a wide range of potential reasons, it is difficult to determine what further work is required to potentially address these issues in the SESSF. This project centres on development of background papers on each of the issues that will be presented at a workshop designed as the first step in clarifying stakeholder views on the underlying reasons and how they might be resolved in the future.
Final report
Concerns about the ecological and economic sustainability of Australia’s Southern and Eastern Scalefish and Shark Fishery (SESSF) prompted major structural readjustment of the fishery in 2006 that significantly reduced the number of operators in demersal trawl, Danish seine and gill net sectors of the fishery. A decade later, many of the ecological sustainability issues have been addressed and despite declining Gross Value of Production (GVP), there has been variable but overall improvement in net economic returns (NER) of the fishery. There remains, however, a number of indicators in the fishery that may point to significant sub-optimal performance in terms of stock sustainability and fishery profitability as outlined below.
At the end of the 2015/16 year, 23 of the 34 species groups under TACs were less than 50% caught. Of the major quota species, only four had catches above 80% of the TACs (Flathead, Gummy Shark, Pink Ling and School Whiting).
There has been a continual decline in catch rates for many quota species with a range of life histories. Similar trends in decline over the last two decades have been observed for Jackass Morwong, Redfish, Blue Eye Trevalla, Silver Warehou, Blue Warehou, John Dory and Ribaldo, despite the lowest historical effort and catch levels in the fishery. Unstandardised CPUE across the fishery has declined for several years hitting an all-time low in 2015 and has remained at this level in 2016. Moreover, optimised CPUE standardizations for 23 species (including grouped species) and 43 different stocks, methods, or fisheries revealed 29 of the 43 SESSF stocks were found to have declining standardised catch rates.
Historically overfished species (Eastern Gemfish, School Shark, Blue Warehou and most recently Redfish) have shown little sign of recovery despite over a decade of the lowest catches on record resulting from significant management changes under relevant rebuilding strategies
(including bans on targeting, implementation of industry driven avoidance measures, and implementation of spatial closures). The overfishing and subsequent recent recovery of the eastern Orange Roughy stock over the last two decades is well documented – but it is an exception.
There are many and varied reasons to explain these issues in the SESSF, but there has been no attempt at a coordinated approach to identify which factor/s may be the cause, much less how these may be addressed. This project was designed to start this process.
Industry and expert attendance at the ICES Expert Working Group Meetings. 3-7 April 2017 Nelson NZ
The ICES working group will be meeting in the southern hemisphere and this is a perfect opportunity for Australian based industry members and researchers to be exposed to the working group on fishing gear as well as acoustics to exchange ideas.
Status of Australian Fish Stocks (SAFS) reports 2016 and beyond: Independent project audit
Primary drivers for National reporting of the Status of Australian Fish Stocks include:
(1) key finding of the State of the Environment Report 2011 (Report to the Environment Minister by independent expert committee): ‘lack of a nationally integrated approach inhibits effective marine management’
(2) a recommendation of the House of Representatives Inquiry into the Role of Science for Fisheries and Aquaculture (Netting the Benefits Report 2012): ‘producing national status report regularly’
(3) the Australian Fisheries Management Forum (AFMF) national statement of intent (to provide fishing and aquaculture stakeholders with an understanding of management and policy directions that fisheries agencies will work towards over the next few years): Goal 1 of the statement of intent is ‘Australia's fisheries and aquaculture industries are managed, and acknowledged to be ecologically sustainable’; A key focus area is promoting community awareness and understanding of fisheries and aquaculture management and the ecological status of Australia’s fish resources; A key outcome of this goal is the National Status of Australian Fish Stocks Report.
(4) the National Fishing and Aquaculture Strategy 2015–20 (which documents six goals aligned with the food security section of The National Marine Science Plan 2015–2025: Driving the development of Australia’s blue economy): Goal 1 of this strategy is ‘Australia’s fisheries and aquaculture sectors are well managed, and acknowledged to be ecologically sustainable’; The success of this goal will be measured by (i) Improved understanding of community perceptions of the acceptability of fishing and aquaculture in Australia’, and (ii) Increased number of fisheries assessed as environmentally sustainable in the Status of Australian Fish Stocks Reports. This includes reducing the number of stocks assessed as uncertain.
(5) the FRDC RD&E Plan 2015–20: National priority one focuses on ‘Ensuring that Australian fishing and aquaculture products are sustainable and acknowledged to be so’.
At this point in time, it is important to determine if SAFS is meeting is objectives, hence the need for an independent audit.