PIRSA Innovative Solutions: Investigations to address key policy gaps associated with the development of clam farming in South Australia: genetic and health issues aligned to translocation and stock identification
The need for the development of an Australian clam aquaculture industry is a direct outcome of the inability of the wild clam industry to meet the demand of a large international market prepared to pay a premium price for quality Australian clams. While clam aquaculture has been successfully developed on a large scale overseas, none exists in Australia at this time. Currently, a feasibility study to evaluate clams culture on intertidal and subtidal leases in SA is underway with the funding support from FRDC, SA Clam Aquaculture and SARDI (FRDC project 2009/208).
At the same time, PIRSA Fisheries and Aquaculture is evaluating policies related to clam aquaculture development in SA to ensure the long term viability of both the wild harvest fishery and the successful development of a sustainable aquaculture industry. The critical knowledge gaps identified for this assessment are: 1. population genetic structure of clam species in South Australia; 2. potential genetic and biosecurity risks of moving farming stocks between localities, and 3. effective and efficient methods to distinguish hatchery produced stock from wild stocks. Understanding the population structure of this clam species and biosecurity risks of moving stocks will allow for the development of far more specific management strategies to control the potential adverse genetic and biosecurity impacts of farmed clams on the local wild population, thus protecting its genetic integrity if genetically divergent localised populations exist along the SA coastline. Practical identification of hatchery stocks will ensure compliance with wild fishery, aquaculture and recreational harvesting policies. All these need to be taken into account in developing clam aquaculture in SA.
Final report
Aquatic Animal Health Subprogram: Exercise Sea Fox: testing aquatic animal disease emergency response capabilities within aquaculture
Exercise Sea Fox is scheduled to commence 23 October 2012, initially as a pre-planned State focussed aquatic disease outbreak exercise. The objective of requesting funding from FRDC is to elevate the exercise to a national focus.
Emergency response arrangements and exercising these arrangements for an aquatic disease outbreak is at the core of disease prevention and management. Aquatic diseases that are of high priority and threaten the sustainability of Australian aquaculture industries include: Pacific Oyster Mortality Syndrome (POMS) and Abalone Viral ganglioneuritis (AVG). POMS is a high priority disease particularly for SA, NSW and TAS.
Government and industry have state and national obligations for responding to biosecurity incursions. The emergency response framework includes OIE manuals, AQUAVETPLAN manuals, State legislation and emergency management plans. Readiness requires on-going training and exercises to maintain preparedness for an incursion. The need for an aquatic disease exercise has been highlighted at both State and National levels.
Aquaculture industry awareness and training has previously been identified as a gap in biosecurity emergency response preparedness. It has also been recognised that other sectors within government are not familiar with the obligations and needs of an aquatic animal emergency disease response.
Exercise Sea Fox will include national (SA, NSW and Tas) participation from both government (including DAFF) and industry bodies. The exercise will test State and national arrangements. Although this exercise will be based within SA, State emergency response frameworks are based on international and national guidelines.
Both government and industry are on a heightened state of alert where early detection and rapid emergency response is vital for effective control and containment of significant disease outbreaks.