The Tasmanian Freshwater Eel Industry - an industry development and directions plan
The Tasmanian Freshwater Eel Industry is based on a small fishery focussed on wild harvests of short- and long-finned eels. Although small from a national, regional and global perspective it is of untapped significant potential within the Tasmanian context. Declines observed in global eel resources have not been experienced in Tasmania. Industry has the opportunity to establish new markets and products whilst increasing traditional markets. Diversification of the product range may occur through by-catch species such as redfin and tench.
A partial but significant consolidation of industry participants via joint venture activities over the past three years has initiated a renewed interest in the potential for the fishery and industry. There are challenges in matching products with markets, value adding (including aquaculture), seasonal supply and logistical issues. It is critical to address these challenges and identify solutions and strategies to support industry development.
The industry has significant potential in Tasmania. A plan to develop and expand the industry is needed to:
1. Establish a common strategic vision and direction
2. Unify fishers, industry and resource managers towards a common goal
3. Identify issues, challenges, and barriers to industry development providing a planned prioritised approach to solutions
4. Provide a measured approach to industry expansion, whilst meeting goals for ecological sustainability
5. Provide guidance on the contemporary research needs for the industry based on an agreed direction.
A development plan will also assist investors, fishers, industry sub-sectors, resource managers, researchers understand the future directions for the fishery, it's challenges and needs.
Final report
Tactical Response Fund: Implementation of the NEATFish environmental standard for recreational fishing tournaments
Development of an environmental standard for fishing tournaments has been seen by all stakeholders as an opportunity to enhance and promote the sustainability of recreational fishing by proactively addressing possible sustainability issues for larger tournaments as well as fish welfare issues which are beginning to be directed towards the recreational fishing industry more frequently, particularly in catch and release fishing tournaments. When Recfish originally developed the conceptual outline of a national environmental standard for fishing tournaments, they envisaged this process would take around 2 years to develop the system, and after that some 3 to 5 more years for it to gain wide acceptance. Now that the NEATFish standard has been developed after 2 years, the most crucial aspect of its implementation and extension must now begin in earnest. Feedback from industry during its development suggests that the major challenge for the concept will be to create a better awareness of NEATFish and what it has to offer clubs and other bodies. The process of awareness raising will involve development of a website, promotional materials, and a profile for NEATFish in the fishing media and at various industry events, including tackle shows and conferences. Given the need for significant capital outlay to develop a website and other materials to implement and publicise NEATFish, there is a need for immediate additional funding from the FRDC in order to maintain momentum and ensure ultimate success. To do so we wish to utilise unused monies left over from savings made during the previous project (Crispian Ashby has been made aware of the magnitude of these savings) together with additional funding in order to drive the project down the path of commercialisation.
Final report
Aquatic Animal Health Subprogram: surveys of ornamental fish for pathogens of quarantine significance
In project FRDC2007/007 and previous studies it was determined that ornamental fish entering Australia may carry pathogens of quarantine concern, specifically gourami iridovirus (GIV) and cyprinid herpesvirus 2 (CyHV2). Ornamental fish are imported under a policy based on a formal Import Risk Assessment (IRA). On the 11/09/08 Biosecurity Australia announced the formal commencement of an Import Risk Analysis (IRA) under the regulated IRA process to review Australia’s freshwater ornamental finfish policy with respect to quarantine risks associated with gourami iridovirus (GIV). Australia has imported a large number of gouramis for many decades. The 1999 IRA considered several species of gouramis and concluded that specific risk management measures were required for these species due to biosecurity risk posed by iridoviruses, including GIV. Australia’s quarantine measures include that gouramis are held in an export premises for a minimum 14 day period prior to export, health certification stating that they are sourced from populations with no known significant clinical disease in the last six months, and that the fish are held in post-arrival quarantine for a minimum of 14 days. These are key features which need to be reviewed. Additional scientific data would enhance the review.
A second impact is that the developing Australian ornamental fish aquaculture industry may be at risk due to introduced pathogens. This is of particular relevance for goldfish, where domestic breeders claim that their stock succumb to diseases such as CyHV2 disease when brought into contact with imported goldfish in wholesale and retail premises. This disease agent was also specifically addressed in the 1999 IRA.
There is need to determine whether GIV and CyHV2 are in fact entering Australia despite quarantine practices, and further, to determine whether either virus is already established in farmed or wild ornamental fish in Australia.
Final report
Aquatic Animal Health Subprogram: the production of nodavirus-free fish fry and the nodaviruses natural distribution
Nodavirus in wild barramundi populations
* There is a need to address concerns about the effect of stocking hatchery-reared barramundi on the level of unapparent nodavirus infections (that is, the prevalence) in wild barramundi.
* The first step is to determine the prevalence of nodavirus in wild populations of barramundi (that is to say the natural level of nodavirus-carrier status – an infection without disease).
* The baseline nodavirus prevalence data will permit:
- comparison of barramundi populations in areas where stocking has or has not occurred,
- assessment of changes in prevalence of nodavirus in future years,
- effective decisions about appropriate sources of replacement broodstock for breeding programs.
Nodavirus in freshwater fishes
* There is a need to address concerns about the risk of possible lethal transmission of barramundi nodavirus to freshwater fishes.
* Recent investigations have shown a possible susceptibility of freshwater fishes to barramundi nodavirus and that nodaviruses naturally occur in species other than barramundi in Australia, including the freshwater species, sleepy cod.
* There is a need to determine if there are nodaviruses in freshwater fishes as a risk analysis for translocation should include disease-status information in the receiving population.
Are the nodaviruses found in freshwater fishes related to barramundi nodavirus?
* If nodaviruses are detected in freshwater fish an analysis of relatedness (sequence analysis of PCR products) could indicate an association to previous stocking in that area of hatchery-reared barramundi. This information would support effective risk analysis for future translocation considerations.
A testing protocol for hatchery production of nodavirus-free fish fry.
* Broodstock screening protocols to identify nodavirus-free broodstock have been described from overseas but the detection tests used then are not as sensitive as the two-step or nested RT-PCR, and the protocols include a requirement for egg/water disinfection and repeat testing of larvae.
* There is a need to evaluate and validate the sensitivity of the two-step or nested RT-PCR to identify nodavirus-free broodstock and to determine if one or more tests are required to confirm the nodavirus-free status.
* There is a need to confirm in barramundi that larvae/fry become infected by nodavirus through the vertical transmission route (ie., from their parent(s)).
* There is a need to determine if fry can become infected via nodavirus-contaminated water once they are stocked into nursery systems.
* If the vertical infection route is the same for all fish species, the information on the testing protocol required to produce nodavirus-free barramundi fry will be a model testing protocol applicable to all fish species in breeding programs in Australia.
Final report
Catalogue and analyse historical catch and effort data for the South-east Trawl (SET) fishery
Final report
In 1992 output control management, in the form of individual transferable quotas (ITQs), was introduced into the South East Fishery (formerly the South East Trawl Fishery). Sixteen species of fish were initially subject to quota management.
A critical factor in the success of quota management systems is the ability to provide timely stock assessments, the adequacy of which will be dependent upon the quality of available data. Workshops convened by the Demersal and Pelagic Fisheries Research Group (DPFRG) to provide advice to management on yield estimates for the quota species confirmed that in most cases data on which to base these assessments were very limited (DPFRG, 1991a,b). This situation was exacerbated by the fact that much of the early fishery and biological information collected by the different fisheries research organisations has not been documented and was not, therefore, accessible.
In recognition of the need to properly review the historical datasets held by the Division of Sea Fisheries (DSF) and other agencies, a cooperative program between the Bureau of Rural Resources (BRR) and the fisheries agencies of Tasmania, New South Wales and Victoria and the CSIRO was formulated (refer to Document 4). Funding for this review was provided by the Fishing Industry Research and Development Council and a major objective of the program was to establish a centralized register of information held by each organisation.
The influence of environmental factors on recruitment and availability of fish stocks in southeast Australia
The dynamics of fish stocks are significantly influenced by environmental and oceanographic factors. Although this is now recognised by industry and scientists alike, there is increasing frustration with the application of single species stock assessments or CPUE analyses that do not incorporate any information about the broader environmental/oceanographic factors. There are clear examples in the SESSF of cyclic patterns in recruitment and availability and indications of regime shifts, but there has been little support for compiling these data and incorporating them in a quantitative manner into stock assessments of fisheries in SE Australia. Much of this information about the influence of environmental factors is in the heads of experienced fishermen but needs to be formally (and quantitatively) incorporated into the assessments/analyses that underpin the TAC setting process for the fishery. Clearly, a better understanding of the influences of the environment will improve several aspects of the assessment and management processes. Including environmental factors in the standardization of catch rates has the potential to remove a significant source of uncertainty that can lead to misleading population estimates. There is also a need to include environmental factors directly into the assessment, for example through models of environmentally-driven cycles (eg blue grenadier). As outputs from the assessments flow directly into management decisions, for example through the TAC setting process and appropriately chosen harvest strategies, the project will enhance management’s confidence in the decisions being made, and also improve industry’s faith in the assessment/management process. Industry members are currently getting disillusioned with assessments that do not take environmental factors of fishery dynamics into account to the point where they are beginning to walk out on the fishery assessment process. This only further decreases the relevance and applicability of these assessments. This trend can be turned around if industry is listened to and empowered with the capability of bringing quantitative information into the stock assessment process (rather than anecdotal).
From information passed down through generations and decades of their own experiences, good fishermen have an informed understanding of the influence of environmental and oceanographic on fish stocks. Industry and scientists would both appreciate the means to incorporate environmental/oceanographic data into the stock assessment process in a formal manner. Subsequent benefits to the management process will ensue through the provision of better developed harvest strategies that can explicitly account for environmental fluctuations in key fishery parameters (eg projections of cyclic patterns in availability and recruitment), and an exploration of flexible multi-year TACs. Also, short-term predictions of environmentally driven changes in biomass (either increases or decreases), that have led to unnecessary changes to TACs, may be offset by an increased ability to forecast biomass changes and thereby enable management to respond in a manner that does not unduly impact the stock or the financial stability of the industry. This project provides the datasets and models that would enable this to occur.
Most importantly, this project is the first step in the process of getting fishers to collect the information that is so needed to manage the fish stocks. With the burden of increasing costs of fishery monitoring, data collection and analysis, the fishing industry is looking towards cost effective alternatives to this work always being undertaken by government agencies. Industry members are already purchasing software that will enable them to collect and analyse much of this information themselves. There is a need for this to be a coordinated process which will ultimately empower the industry to bring valuable interpretations and analysis into the stock assessment process in a quantitative manner. Using the resources from this project to begin with, we aim to assess whether industry can be self-sufficient in collecting these data by the end of this three year project.
Final report
Aquatic Animal Health Subprogram: Australian aquatic animals diseases and pathogens database
This project is a priority issue for the FRDC Aquatic Animal Health Subprogram Steering Committee (STC) and Scientific Advisory Committee (SAC).
The range of potential beneficiaries of the database is rather wide and varied. However, a key technical/scientific group is the National Aquatic Animal Health - Technical Working Group (NAAH-TWG). All SAC members are also members of the TWG. Another group – operating at a more strategic level – is the Australian Aquatic Animal Health Committee (AAHC). The Subprogram Leader is a member of AAHC.
Final report
Development of an OH&S induction training video for the post harvest sector of the seafood industry
The need for this project was clearly identified in the WorkCover NSW funded research project on Manual Handling Methods in the Seafood Industry that was undertaken in 2002.
One of the key recommendations from that project was the need for “a strategic, co-ordinated and national approach” for “OHS education and training for all people working in the industry”.
This project meets the FRDC Program 2: Industry Development Priority for Occupational Health and Safety as it will increase and apply knowledge of occupational health and safety in the fishing industry. It would also fall under the Legislative, institutional, compliance and policy arrangements and their Impacts priority area of this Program.
In addition the project is in conformance with SSA’s Segment 5 market segment priority by contributing to ensuring that industry is operating to best practice occupational health and safety standards.
Final report
Southern shark database project
Final report
Commercial catches of several species of edible shark such as gummy shark Mustelus antarcticus, school shark Galeorhinus galeus and several species of scale fish such as warehou Seriolella brama, spotted trevally Seriolella maculata have been recorded since the origins of the fishery in the mid-1920s but not until the 1960s were data on the fishing effort collected systematically. Since 1970 the Victorian Government's fisheries agency has monitored the sex and the length-frequency composition of the sharks in commercial catches. More recently the agency has also collected details of quantities of sharks handled by fish processors.
Since 1984 such data have been collected by a research unit, the Southern Shark Assessment Group (SSAG), established at the Marine Science Laboratories (MSL) of the Fisheries Division of Victoria.
One of the SSAG's projects, the "Southern Shark Database Project", which was funded from the Fishery Industry Research Trust Account, has been to set up a database designed to enable fisheries agencies to manage the shark stocks off southern Australia.
The database, the Southern Shark Fishery Monitoring Database (SSFMDB) contains four types of data: catch and effort reported by fishers to the fisheries agencies of Victoria, Tasmania and South Australia; weight of shark handled by fish processors and auctioneers; sex and length-frequency composition of commercial catches of shark; and details of licenced vessels.
These data are processed by a suite of Command Program Language jobs, FORTRAN programs and Scientific Information Retrieval Database Management System (SIRDBMS) (version 2.2) running under the PRIMOS operating system on the PRIME 6350 minicomputer.
In this report we provide details of the four types of data and their processing. The SSAG's aim is to routinely provide summaries of data from the SSFMDB to the Bureau of Rural Resources and the Australian Fisheries Service of the Commonwealth Department of Primary Industries and Energy, the Fisheries Division of the Victorian Department of Conservation and Environment, the Sea Fisheries Division of the Tasmanian Department of Primary Industry, the South Australian Department of Fisheries, and the Southern Shark Research Group which reports to the South Eastern Fisheries Research Committee, and the Southern Shark Fishery Management Advisory Committee (SSFMAC).
The SSFMAC comprises representatives from the fisheries agencies of the Commonwealth, Victoria, Tasmania, and South Australia and from the shark fishing industry in each of Victoria. Tasmania and South Australia The committee's primary role is to co-ordinate management of the fishery.