The South East Australian Marine Ecosystem Survey: untangling the effects of climate change and fisheries
The marine waters of Southeast (SE) Australia are one of a series of global ocean-warming hotspots. In this region, the East Australian Current is extending pole-wards, resulting in warming of ocean surface at a rate four times the global average. Many species have extended their distributions southward, with potential changes in local abundance. In addition, climatic extreme events, such as marine heatwaves, are leading to additional impacts in the region. Projections show that these changes, and the associated biological responses, are expected to continue in the next century.
In this hotspot lie important fisheries, providing the bulk of fresh fish to Melbourne and Sydney markets. The Southern and Eastern Scalefish and Shark Fishery (SESSF) has a total catch of about 20,000t and a value above $80 million. Concerns about the ecological, economic and social sustainability of this fishery raised in the public, and by scientists, over the years, have prompted a series of management responses, initiatives and regulations. In the hotspot also lies an Australian Marine Reserve network established to protect and maintain marine biodiversity and ensure the long-term ecological viability of Australia's marine ecosystems.
Observations from the Australian commercial fisheries regulator, the Australian Fisheries Management Authority (AFMA) suggests that the abundance of some species have declined, while others have increased. Additionally, some species that have been historically over-fished do not seem to be recovering despite reduced fishing pressure. The South East Australian Marine Ecosystem Survey will seek to answer the questions:
1. Despite reduced fishing pressure, have fish abundances in the SESSF really declined in 25 years? And if so, why?
2. Are species shifting their ranges to places outside of where they have been historically found, including to the continental slope?
3. What are the prospects for the future?
Comprehensive bio-physical and ecosystem assessments of the shelf were last conducted 25 years ago. This project will repeat the surveys to document changes, and will establish a new baseline for the continental slope. Specifically, it will help answer the broad questions:
1. How and why have fish assemblages and species abundances changed in the southeast ecosystem, and can the causes be mitigated?
2. How does this affect the multiple-use management of the region for fisheries, conservation and biodiversity and the hive of activity from oil & gas, and renewable energy sectors?
Circular Economy Program 2022-2025
Extension and synthesis of key FRDC research areas
The FRDC have been looking at how best to undertake extension of research projects. A number of options and solutions have been identified. One considered and supported by attendees at the Annual FRDC Stakeholder Workshop. is to undertaken issue specific analysis – research synthesis.
Final report
Harvest strategies provide pre-planned actions ensuring sustainable fish populations while considering economic and social aspects. This report summarises an extension webinar where researchers, managers, and stakeholders discussed the development and implementation of these strategies. The FRDC has funded several past and current projects pertaining to Harvest Strategy development and implementation and continues to receive interest from a range of stakeholders around further research and development opportunities in this space. To promote discussion, extension, and adoption across current and recent related investments in harvest strategy R&D, the FRDC hosted an independently facilitated extension webinar. The webinar provided an opportunity for Project Investigators to socialise their research, extend the latest learning in this dynamic policy/research space, and promote a dialogue among research providers, fisheries managers, and harvest strategy practitioners.
FRDC also intended the webinar to inform the ongoing review of national guidelines for developing harvest strategies. This review aims to ensure these strategies align with best practices and address evolving challenges. The webinar identified three key themes: technical approaches, stakeholder engagement, and policy development. Future research needs include addressing multi-sector fisheries, spatial management, and climate impacts. The overall conclusion emphasizes a collaborative, data-driven approach that incorporates diverse stakeholder voices for effective fisheries management.