Role of marine reserves in sustainable management of Australia's ocean estate - review of the Heard Island and McDonald Islands bioregion
Investigating sources of variability in the Heard Island and McDonald Islands Patagonian Toothfish fishery
Science to support Australia’s Southern Ocean Fisheries 2021-2023
Southern Ocean IPA: Environmental and ecosystem drivers of catch efficiency within Australia’s subantarctic Patagonian Toothfish (Dissostichus eleginoides) fisheries
Southern Ocean IPA - Bottom Fishing Impact Assessment (BFIA) for proposed fishing activities by Australia in the Southern Indian Ocean Fisheries Agreement (SIOFA) Area – 2020 Update
Australia needs to update its Benthic Fishing Impact Assessment (BFIA, https://www.apsoi.org/bf-impact) for the Southern Indian Ocean Fisheries Agreement (SIOFA), to protect the interests of the members of the Southern Ocean IPA (SO-IPA) with respect to fishing by other nations on the population of Heard Island Patagonian toothfish that extends into the SIOFA Area on William's Ridge. According to the rules of SIOFA, the BFIA must be updated in order for Australia to be permitted to fish this area. Austral Fisheries, as part of this project, will also take the opportunity to further update the BFIA so that the company can be permitted to fish with traps to target lobster (e.g. Jasus paulensis and Palinurus delagoae) in the SIOFA Area. This work entails an updated estimation of the Australian fishing footprint and the risk of direct impacts by planned bottom fishing on VMEs.
The proponents have consulted with AFMA and the Department of Agriculture, and both agencies agree that this project is a priority for delivering the Australian Government Toothfish Strategy.
This EoI meets the objectives of the SO-IPA :
4.1.a: ensuring the Australian Antarctic and Sub-Antarctic fisheries are managed on an ecologically sustainable basis;
4.1.b: investing in targeted RD&E activities that address the following issues:
i: Sustainable development of the fishery and industry;
ii. Security of resource access and property rights;
viii. Australian participation/involvement with international arrangements for resources conservation and management;
ix. Improved biological and ecological understanding of the main target fish species; and
xi. Identify areas of the Australian Antarctic and Sub-Antarctic fisheries where innovation can make significant positive impacts (e.g. new assessment methods).
It also meets the SO-IPA Strategic RD&E investment priority areas:
2. Spatial stock structure and movement dynamics for key species;
5. Assess and determine a wide range of ecological impacts;
11. Improving efficiencies in assessment methodologies and fisheries management taking into account both national and international aspects of the Kerguelen Plateau region;
12. Scope the research, exploration and development of new fisheries.
Final report
- A small amount of fishing effort which had not been included in the original footprint presented to SIOFA (Williams et al. 2011; Delegation of Australia 2018); and
- Updated bathymetric data for the entire SIOFA area.
In addition, an assessment was conducted of Australia’s intention to undertake fishing using integrated weight longline to target Patagonian Toothfish (Dissostichus eleginoides) on William’s Ridge, according to SIOFA CMM 2019/05, and potting for Spiny Lobsters (Palinurus spp. and Jasus paulensis) within its historical fishing footprint from 2020/21.
The status and impact of the proposed longline and potting activities on target species (Patagonian Toothfish and Spiny Lobsters), bycatch species and VMEs was assessed. The report recommends monitoring of target, bycatch and VME species, including the collection of biological data and deployment of cameras on longlines and pots, and mitigation measures such as pot limits and move-on rules to avoid high bycatch and VME interaction rates.
Based on the current monitoring, mitigation and management arrangements, including effort limitation under CMM 2019/05 and those recommended here, the residual risk of the proposed Australian fishing activities in the SIOFA area causing or contributing to Significant Adverse Impacts (SAI) to stocks of Patagonian Toothfish, Spiny Lobsters, associated bycatch species or VME was considered to be low.
Southern Ocean IPA (Austral Fisheries only) - Chemical profiling of Patagonian Toothfish (Dissostichus eleginoides) from the Heard Island and McDonald Islands fishery
We have seen evidence of counterfeit versions of our Glacier 51 Toothfish brand being used in international markets. We want to be able to provide verifiable proof that the toothfish product carrying our label is in fact our fish, while at the same time be able to decipher where this counterfeit product is being sourced from. Source Certain International's (SCI), Source Connect program will aim to deliver the capacity to verify toothfish provenance to the specific area within the HIMI fishery or to prove that certain toothfish product is not from the HIMI fishery. If this succeeds, we may be able to map the chemical profile of toothfish globally, to help this issue more broadly. This process may also have additional scientific benefits with regard to stock structure and movement, but we will not know the potential of this until initial samples are analysed.
Southern Ocean IPA - variation to 2018-124: Science to support Australia's Southern Ocean Fisheries 2018-2020. Addition of Heard Island Patagonian Toothfish 2019 Stock Assessment Review
Southern Ocean IPA - Impact of environmental variability on the Patagonian Toothfish (Dissostichus eleginoides) fishery
Southern Ocean IPA - Science to support Australia’s Southern Ocean Fisheries 2018-2020
For the sustainable management of the HIMI fishery, AFMA and the Australian fishing industry require further research to (1) support and improve data collection programs, (2) reduce sources of uncertainty in icefish and toothfish assessments, (3) provide avenues for adaptation of the fishery to climate change, and (4) monitor, evaluate and mitigate fish and skate/ray bycatch, seabird bycatch and cetacean depredation. There is also a need to support Australian research activities in CCAMLR’s exploratory fisheries, in particular in developing research plans and delivering progress towards the development of a sustainable toothfish harvest strategy in the AAT.
Final report
Southern Ocean IPA - Stock Connectivity of Antarctic toothfish (Dissostichus mawsoni)
Seafood CRC: new opportunities for seafood processing waste
Development of robust assessment methods and harvest strategies for spatially complex, multi-jurisdictional toothfish fisheries in the Southern Ocean
Demersal fishing interactions with marine benthos in the Australian EEZ of the Southern Ocean: an assessment of the vulnerability of benthic habitats to impact by demersal gears
This project addresses policy objectives identified under the Fisheries Management Act (FMA, 1991) and the Environmental Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act (EPBC, 1999) relating to long term ecological sustainability of marine resources and environments in the AFZ. It will address the need to identify impacts of fishing activities on target and non-target species (FMA, 1991, Section 3, Part 1b) and how potential impacts might be mitigated to ensure the continued ecological viability of natural marine resources including benthic habitats in the Australian EEZ (EA, 2002). As such, the proposed project specifically addresses objectives relevant to the strategic assessment of the HIMI fishery (EA, 2002) and is also directly relevant to Program 2 (ecosystem-based fisheries management) outlined in AFMA’s strategic research plan, to base management decisions on a knowledge of impacts on fisheries ecosystems and minimize impacts arising from fishing activities (AFMA, 2005). It will also provide information that will help satisfy the requirements of the Marine Stewardship Council for certifying the mackerel icefish fishery. These requirements include undertaking an assessment of risks to benthic systems and identifying a strategy to mitigate moderate to high risks. The outputs could also be used to help understand the role and adequacy of the HIMI Marine Reserve and Conservation Zones.
The ecological assessment of fishery impacts in the Southern Ocean has also been identified by the SARAG as a priority research area. The proposed project will address three priority projects identified as part of the ecological assessment of the fishery research plan, which are:
• The effects of trawling on benthic ecosystems in the HIMI region,
• The effects of longline fishing on benthic ecosystems, and
• The effects of trap fishing on benthic ecosystems.
References
(see reference list in "Background" section)