Contextualising shellfish food safety in Northern Australia

Project number: 2020-021
Project Status:
Current
Budget expenditure: $147,000.00
Principal Investigator: Sarah C. Ugalde
Organisation: University of Tasmania
Project start/end date: 31 Dec 2020 - 29 Jun 2022
Contact:
FRDC
SPECIES

Need

The emerging edible oyster industry in northern Australia involves Aboriginal communities, industry and governments and is working towards improvements in productions systems, biosecurity and capacity development. Initial volumes produced by this developing industry are likely to be small scale, targeting local markets, however there is significant potential to expand overtime to service the broader Australian and international markets.

To enable industry access to supply these markets there is a need to ensure appropriate food safety. Preliminary shellfish quality assurance assessments have been conducted at oyster farming trials in Western Australia and the Northern Territory. However, there remains a gap in the knowledge of shellfish food safety risks and the most appropriate way to administer a shellfish food safety program in Northern Australia.

Information on the specific food safety risks in tropical Australia to inform the application or contextualise ASQAP in Northern Australia remains a gap. There is also a further need to consider how ASQAP can be applied to a developing industry in a remote context. Tropical Australia has unique challenges of temperature, environment, limited infrastructure and remoteness. The emerging tropical oyster industry requires an assessment of the risks and options to manage the sale of an initial small-scale production of farmed bivalve shellfish produced in Northern Australia.

Objectives

1. Perform an assessment of food safety concerns and associated risks in tropical Australia
2. Provide recommendations on appropriate harvest area classification systems (based on water and/or meat results) and monitoring and risk management protocols for oyster farming in tropical Australian environmental and remote contexts
3. Develop models for shellfish food safety programs in tropical Australian conditions

Related research

Industry
Adoption
Adoption
PROJECT NUMBER • 2022-133
PROJECT STATUS:
COMPLETED

Sponsorship of World Aquaculture 2023

1. Support organisation of World Aquaculture 2023
ORGANISATION:
Associated Advertising and Promotions Pty Ltd

The Detection of Ciguatera Toxins in NSW Spanish Mackerel

Project number: 2019-060
Project Status:
Completed
Budget expenditure: $490,000.00
Principal Investigator: Shauna Murray
Organisation: University of Technology Sydney (UTS)
Project start/end date: 14 Jun 2020 - 14 Jun 2023
Contact:
FRDC

Need

Ciguatera Fish Poisoning (CFP) causes the largest number of seafood-related food safety incidents in Australia. In NSW and southern QLD waters, CFP is mostly related to Spanish Mackerel (Scomberomorus commerson). Ciguatoxins (CTXs) produced by marine microalgae (Gambierdiscus spp), are polyether toxins that accumulate in fish and cause CFP when fish are eaten. CTXs are heat stable, odourless, tasteless, and toxic at low concentrations, therefore it is very difficult to distinguish toxic fish. In NSW, since 2014, 31 people have contracted CFP after consuming Spanish Mackerel caught locally, mostly through recreational fishing.

Validated commercial monitoring methods for CTXs are unavailable internationally, although research tools for CTX measurement have been developed. Regulatory methods for CFP prevention are to avoid certain fish species, fish of certain sizes (ie >10kg), or fish from certain regions. In Australia, effective prevention methods have not been clearly evaluated. This results in Spanish Mackerel that are safe to eat potentially being excluded from sale, resulting in significant losses (ie > ~$200k p.a in NSW). This project addresses this issue, which was identified as high priority in the Australian ciguatera research strategy formulated at a recent workshop (27-28th March, 2019).

In 2014, FRDC (Tactical Response) and the NSW Recreational Fisheries Trust funded an initial study on the incidence of CTXs in NSW Spanish Mackerel. CTX was present in flesh and liver samples (1-7% incidence), and was not clearly correlated with the weight of individual fish. This information showed that CFP risk management may require reassessment. This project will advance knowledge by: evaluating methods of detection of CTXs; determining detailed predictive data on CTX incidence; and evaluating environmental and biological factors associated with CTX in Spanish Mackerel to allow for an evaluation of risk assessment strategies. This information will benefit industry by enhancing consumer safety and industry confidence, and enabling the sale of safe Spanish Mackerel.

Objectives

1. Determine industry CTX needs and conduct of review of available CTX measurement tools (including cell based assays, ELISA kits, and LCMS) against these needs. Conduct an assessment of the currently available screening tools to determine which, if any, hold promise for industry use. Conduct a viability assessment for how a tool might be used in industry or, if none of the currently available tools are appropriate, make recommendations for future activities to develop a rapid screening tool that meets industry needs.
2. Obtain samples of flesh and liver from ~300 individual Spanish Mackerel of all sizes caught in Industry relevant regions of NSW waters over a period of 2 years, as well as length, weight, sex and site information, with the participation of the Sydney Fish Market and commercial fishing Cooperatives. Obtain samples from any individual Spanish Mackerel associated with illnesses in NSW or QLD. Measure CTX1B and other available CTX analogs using best practice methods identified in Objective 1.
3. Conduct statistical data analyses of all available data on CTX concentrations in Spanish Mackerel in comparison to biological and environmental variables.Develop recommended options for food safety risk management for Spanish Mackerel in NSW that will allow for a viable industry while protecting public health.

Report

ISBN: 78-0-646-89442-3
Authors: Shauna Murray Alan Edwards Hazel Farrell Greta Gaiani William Gladstone Tim Harwood Sam Murray Eric Poole Andreas Seger Alison Turnbull Arjun Verma
Report • 2024-05-01 • 2.52 MB
2019-060-DLD.pdf

Summary

Ciguatera Poisoning (CP) is an illness through the consumption of fish containing naturally occurring toxins, and is considered a high risk for Australian seafood safety. Ciguatoxins (CTXs) are produced by benthic microalgae (Gambierdiscus spp). In Australia, CP cases are related to fish caught in Queensland (QLD), Northern Territory (NT) and New South Wales (NSW) waters. Spanish Mackerel (Scomberomorus commerson) is the main species that has resulted in CP cases from fish caught in NSW and sub-tropical QLD, and is an important commercial species. An inability to address the risks of CTXs has led to illnesses, with the potential to damage public perceptions of seafood with economic losses to industry. Currently no validated monitoring or measurement methods are available. Prevention methods used internationally are to avoid larger fish of certain species, avoid certain fish species altogether, or avoid fish from certain regions.