Spatial interactions among juvenile southern bluefin tuna at the global scale: a large scale archival tag experiment
Aquatic Animal Health Subprogram: enhancing the emergency disease response capability of Department of Fisheries and industry bodies associated with non-maxima oyster culture
Final report
A two day disease emergency response workshop was held at Geraldton, Western Australia, in October 2002. The objective of the exercise was to test the industry and government response to a disease emergency among non-maxima pearl farms at the Abrolhos Islands. The exercise was coordinated by staff from the Commonwealth Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry Australia and involved regional and head office staff from the Western Australian Departments of Fisheries and Agriculture as well as industry representatives. During the two day exercise the participants worked through emergency scenarios as well as having to respond to unexpected obstacles proposed by the exercise coordinators.
The outcome of the exercise was the education of the participants in the operational procedures involved in a disease emergency response at the State level, an evaluation of the response with suggestions for improvements in emergency management planning, the documentation of an emergency management plan and input into the new Environmental Code of Practice for the industry.
Aquatic Animal Health Subprogram: training course on exotic diseases of aquatic animals
In recent years, demand for high quality seafood world-wide has increased significantly and continues to increase. This demand cannot be met by wild capture fisheries and has led to expansion of the world's aquaculture industries. In Australia, aquaculture is also growing. In the past 5 years the value of Australian aquaculture has doubled to approximately $700 million (ABARE 2001) and is expected to increase to $2.5 billion by 2010 (ACIL Consulting 1999). As the industry expands and intensifies the risk of infectious disease outbreaks also increases and there is a need for an increased level of expertise nation-wide on aquatic animal diseases.
As the range of aquaculture species expands so, too, will the range of diseases. Disease diagnosis and control will become an even higher priority than in the past. There will be a requirement to maintain and improve disease diagnostic capability. Increased diagnostic services will be required in these specialised areas, and training of personnel in aquatic animal pathology, bacteriology, virology, parasitology and mycology will be essential.
Currently, research on, and diagnosis of, aquatic animal diseases is undertaken with some limitations by State laboratories, private veterinary laboratories, universities, research institutes, and CSIRO divisions including AAHL Fish Diseases Laboratory (AFDL) at CSIRO Livestock Industries. It is essential to build on these resources to become better prepared for the anticipated growth in industry.
Training courses for diagnosticians and fish health specialists will be required to maintain Australia's proficiency to detect and diagnose aquatic animal diseases, and maintain the confidence of our trading partners. Due to increased world trade and travel, the threat of exotic disease is increasing. This project is aimed at providing information and training to aquatic animal health specialists to assist in recognition of exotic disease, and management of disease emergencies.
References
1. ABARE 2001. Australian Fisheries Statistics 2000, Canberra, ACT.
2. ACIL Consulting 1999. Aquaculture beyond 2000. Facilitator’s Report, prepared by Denis Hussey, Senior Associate, ACIL Consulting on a workshop, Changing Direction, held 23-24 August 1999, Canberra.
Final report
The major outcomes of this project are:
(1) as a result of the Training Course, each State/Territory now has one or two specialists who have recently been updated on the exotic diseases of the aquaculture industries in Australia (i.e., diseases on the National List of Reportable Diseases of Aquatic Animals). Their improved knowledge and awareness, and their capacity to improve the knowledge and awareness of many of their colleagues, will encourage greater confidence in the ability of regional aquaculture health specialists to recognize, and manage, incursions of exotic diseases. This, in turn, will assist Australian aquaculture industries to maintain their enviable status with respect to freedom from the major aquatic animal diseases of the world
(2) there is now a well-organized resource available for future training of aquaculture health specialists in those diseases that are of prime importance to the aquaculture industries of Australia, i.e., the diseases on the National List of Reportable Diseases of Aquatic Animals.
A copy of the training course can be obtained from FRDC on request.
Aquatic Animal Health Subprogram: enhancement of the emergency disease management capability in Victoria - adapting the AQUAVETPLAN control centre management manual
Aquatic Animal Health Subprogram: aquatic animal health emergency management training and incident simulation
The South Australian seafood industry is possibly the fastest growth industry in the State having climbed rapidly to a position of the State’s 5th largest export industry with a production value of almost $650 million. The entire seafood industry has doubled in size every two and a half years since 1994 and is expected to break the $2 Billion barrier before 2010. The strongest growth has been recorded in the aquaculture sector of the seafood industry which is now nearing $400 million worth of annual value.
The aquaculture industry is made up of land based and marine based operators. The largest South Australian sectors are all marine-based with tuna, oysters and marine finfish all strongly performing. The relatively new mussel industry is currently in a major expansion phase. The most significant land based industry is abalone.
The aquaculture industry in South Australia has expanded considerably over the past twelve months, however there are little or no available disease emergency management plans or training courses for this industry. With further rapid expansion planned for the marine finfish industry, the tonnages of farmed fish will rise very rapidly over the next eight to ten years. There are currently approximately 3000 tonnes of fish currently in the water (non tuna) and this figure is expected to rise to some 10,000 tonnes by 2010. Research priorities have centred on the reproduction and grow-out of new species and have often overlooked the threat of specific disease(s) until they occur.
It is imperative for the successful management of aquatic animal health issues that an immediate, proactive approach be adopted. A continuing reactive stance towards disease management is hazardous, causing high risk to both the industry and the environment, and greater exposure to negative public sentiment, let alone the potential scale of the economic loss.
The aquaculture industry has made serious attempts to train as many personnel as possible and for the past two years the two principal training providers, the Australian Fisheries Academy and the Spencer Institute of TAFE have been training record numbers of personnel.
Seafood Training SA is the industry’s peak body on all training and development support matters. The organisation is the only seafood body in the State that has representation from all industry sectors and peak bodies as well as relevant Government agencies and undertakes detailed research on industry training needs.
Following a series of discussions with sector bodies last year, it was identified that the industry lacked relevant training in emergency management procedures for aquatic animal health. Whilst basic training in aquatic animal health and emergency procedures forms part of the new Seafood Industry Training Package, a large number of both employers and employees have no formal training or access to materials that meet their specific needs.
There is currently an urgent need to develop a number of structured Aquatic Animal Health Emergency Procedures Manual and accompanying training workshop(s) specifically for the each of the State’s burgeoning aquaculture industry sectors and ensure that all staff from farm hand operatives through to farm managers are conversant with the procedures.
Final report
Aquatic Animal Health Subprogram: enhancing the emergency disease response capability of NSW and Qld Government agencies and industry bodies associated with oyster culture
Aquatic Animal Health Subprogram: enhancement of emergency disease management through the education and training of the CCEAD participants on the CCEAD process
Many fisheries and aquaculture industries around the world have suffered major production losses due to the impact of disease epidemics. Few major disease incidents have occurred in Australian aquaculture, and as a result, the Commonwealth, State/Territory governments and aquaculture industries have relatively little experience in incident management for emergency aquatic animal diseases. Through AQUAPLAN – Australia’s National Strategic Plan for Aquatic Animal Health 1998-2003 we have developed strategies and mechanisms such as the Aquatic Consultative Committee on Emergency Animal Diseases (Aquatic CCEAD) to provide advice on the management of disease emergencies in fisheries and aquaculture. Through the White Spot Virus incident in 2000-2001, however, it became apparent that the participants lacked the experience to effectively put into practice the CCEAD process.
The need for this education and training program can be summarized as follows:
1. Both government and industries have relatively little experience with real emergencies.
2. Industry and some government jurisdictions have little knowledge and understanding of the CCEAD process which is essential when dealing with an emergency.
3. In some jurisdictions there is a lack of clarity about the roles and responsibilities of various individuals.
4. Industry has little experience on CCEAD and has not previously been a bona fide member of CCEAD.
5. Lack of experience of disease incidents has lead to a lack of understanding of the reasons for confidentiality and hence conformation to the confidentiality guidelines.
6. Lack of experience with the CCEAD process has lead to the misuse and abuse of the process for political mileage rather then disease incident management.