Compliance program evaluation and optimisation in commercial and recreational Western Australian fisheries
There is a need for:
1. A national workshop to discuss issues generic to all State compliance programs, and to develop common compliance measures that may be adopted nationally.
2. The development of clear measures of compliance levels for each fishery sector in Western Australia in order to optimally allocated enforcement and educational activities.
3. Adaptive management techniques to measure the sensitivity of compliance to levels and type of enforcement and/or educational activity (including VFLOs in the recreational sector).
4. The development of new methodologies for improving the efficiency of delivery of compliance activities.
Final report
This project provides a database that can be used to estimate trends in compliance rates for different regulations in different fisheries. This enables fisheries compliance officers and managers to make informed decisions on the priorities for applying limited resources to ensure that the fisheries are managed sustainably.
Keywords: Enforcement, compliance, deterrence, evaluation, co-management, database, Western Australia
Socio-economic valuation of allocation options between recreational and commercial sectors
This project will fulfill substantive and practical needs at both state and national levels:
1) Using existing socio-economic methodologies, the project will provide decision-makers with the results of socio-economic analyses of the benefits and costs of redistributing specific fisheries resources. Thus, the project will help to resolve potentially conflict-ridden allocation decisions by extending the State’s use of a consistent decision-making framework based on socio-economic information.
2) Using socio-economic analysis, the project will advance a consistent methodology and set of tools for rational and defensible fisheries management decisions.
3) By providing supporting information for Fisheries WA’s use of integrated coastal fisheries management (ICFM), the project will help to ensure the ESD of WA’s fisheries resources.
4) By virtue of (i) the types of case studies chosen and (ii) the use of recognized economic evaluation tools, the project will provide substantive guidance for other fisheries management agencies facing similar inter-sectoral ESD-related issues.
Final report
Because sustainable use of fisheries-related resources is finite, the sharing or allocation of these resources is inevitable. It is also clear that allocation decisions can be enormously contentious amongst different stakeholder groups, may be politically difficult, and are typically a significant drain on fisheries management agencies and stakeholder interests limited resources. Nonetheless, fisheries management agencies have an obligation to the public to understand impacts of allocating-and reallocating-fisheries resources so that the balancing act and the trade-offs that characterize fisheries management resource allocation decisions are more defensible and the Agencies and stakeholder interests are better placed to address the socio-economic outcomes within the decision making framework.
The research in this project is to present a benefit cost framework based on economic principles for evaluating resource allocation options, and, then, to apply the socio-economic valuation methodologies and techniques in three Western Australian case study fisheries. This is to test the robustness of the information derived from such analysis to aid the resolution of resource sharing issues between commercial and recreational stakeholders. The techniques used will be applicable elsewhere and the results, although specific to the three case study fisheries, will provide guidance for other State fisheries management agencies that inevitably face similar allocation situations.
This research provides further methodological development and empirical data by case studies extending the value of other FRDC-sponsored research regarding sector-specific socio-economic valuation (Hundloe, et al), and inter-sectoral equity issues relating to ESD.
Aboriginal fishing strategy
There are currently no specific management arrangements in place for the traditional, subsistence or contemporary economic use of fish resources by Aboriginal people in Western Australia. There is a need to include these uses into Western Australia’s fisheries management framework to ensure long term sustainability objectives will be met.
The Fish Resources Management Act 1994 (the Act) applies to Aboriginal people with the exception that they do not have to hold a recreational fishing licence. The Act does not specifically recognize customary, communal or subsistence fishing activities. There is a need for the Act to be consistent with the Native Title Act 1993 (which allows for personal, domestic or non-commercial communal needs) and to include Aboriginal fishing more specifically in order to provide the basis for effective policy and management arrangements.
There is a need to research and develop, in partnership with stakeholders, options for public discussion that will lead to the development of policy guidelines and legislative amendments relating to Aboriginal fishing in Western Australia.
Fisheries WA is also included in State Government strategies to assist Aboriginal economic development from the sustainable use of fish resources.
Final report
The Western Australian Aboriginal Fishing Strategy (the “strategy”) was developed following a three-year consultative process overseen by former Western Australian Supreme Court Judge, the Hon E M Franklyn QC. Formulation of the draft strategy was assisted by a working group, which included representatives of Aboriginal interests, the fishing sector, conservation interests and government.
The strategy provides recommendations to the Western Australian Government, focusing on three areas - recognition and inclusion of customary fishing in fisheries legislation; inclusion of Aboriginal people in the management of fish resources; and, promotion of economic development opportunities for Aboriginal people in the fishing, aquatic eco-tourism and aquaculture industries.
The strategy was developed in response to growing needs to recognise and include customary fishing rights and interests in a sustainable fisheries management framework.
Identifying nursery areas used by inner bay and oceanic snapper stocks in the Shark Bay region, in relation to the effect of prawn trawling on inner bay snapper stocks
Characterising the fish habitats in the Recherche Archipelago, Western Australia
Fisheries WA demonstrated in their Aquaculture Plan for the Recherche Archipelago (Fisheries WA 2000) that one of the major factors slowing development in this region is lack of accurate spatially explicit data on the distributions of benthic habitats and the influence of currents and wind generated waves. This information is required to aid the selection of suitable offshore aquaculture facilities and in the development of multiple use management plans.
This FRDC application, rather than focusing on cultural, economic and social elements of resource planning concentrates on the physical and biological data requirements. Many important cultural, economic and social issues have been identified in community and industry consultation by Fisheries WA during the development of the Aquaculture plan for the recherche Archipelago (Fisheries WA, 2000). The major outcome from these documents was that most other users of the Archipelago (Tourism, Shipping, Recreational and other commercial fishermen) indicated they were not happy with wholesale aquaculture development until accurate assessments of the benthic habitats and oceanography were completed over a wide spatial scale within the Archipelago. The recognition of this need has provided impetus resulting in aquaculture proponents (MG Kailis, Maritime Training Centre of Esperance), other fisheries (Esperance Professional Fishers Association, Esperance Professional Abalone Divers Association, 2 Recreational Angling Clubs), shipping concerns (Esperance Port Authority and industries utilising the port), tourism (Goldfields Esperance Development Commission), government departments (CALM, Fisheries WA, The Esperance Shire) and local concerned citizens (Recherche Action Group, Local Environmental Action Forum) all providing formal support for this application.
These groups see the need for representative broad scale bio-physical information to be used in the integrated planning to ensure the compatibility and sustainability of a diverse range of marine a coastal activities. This will ensure that the quality of the environment and the quality of life experienced by the populace living in Recherche Archipelago region is balanced with the need for new job creation in the region.
The 2.5 year research program we describe in this proposal will fulfil bio-physical data requirements for that planning process. This data will be available for incorporation into existing regional planning documents written in conjunction with cultural economic and social components that have been collected by Fisheries WA. It will also compliment and enhance information collected and developed by the Marine Group of the Department of Conservation and Land Management as part of the community and industry consultation involved in the MPA planning process.
Final report
This project is a joint Esperance community (through the Recherche Advisory Group - RAG), research scientist and resource management project. The commitment of RAG has allowed the researchers to efficiently transfer scientific information to the general public of Esperance and the South Coast of Western Australia and keep the research focused on management outcomes.
The outcomes of this report are:
- The design of a hierarchical classification scheme of benthic habitats in the Recherche Archipelago.
- An extensive habitat map of the Western Recherche Archipelago at both broad and functional habitat classifications and less detailed habitat maps of duke of Orleans Bay and Cape Arid to Middle Island.
- An oceanographic model of the influence of ocean swells on the Western Recherche Archipelago. This model includes an assessment of swell driven shear at the benthos.
- A broad scale fisheries-independent non-destructive survey of the demersal fish of the Recherche from Esperance Bay to Cape Arid. The survey was designed to capture habitat differences in fish assemblages.
- A broad scale (within the Western Archipelago) survey of the infauna found in a range of soft bottom habitats including coarse sands, rhodoliths and sparsely vegetated sands.
- Fine scale diversity surveys of reef communities on islands in the archipelago from Figure of Eight to Middle Island. These surveys integrate information from both habitat mapping and physical oceanographic modelling.
Keywords: habitat, classification, mapping, oceanography, benthic, algae, infauna, sessile invertebrate