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Future oysters CRC-P: New Technologies to Improve Sydney Rock Oyster Breeding and Production

Project number: 2016-803
Project Status:
Completed
Budget expenditure: $204,066.69
Principal Investigator: Michael Dove
Organisation: Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development (NSW)
Project start/end date: 29 Sep 2016 - 30 Aug 2019
Contact:
FRDC

Need

The hatchery sector for SRO is still developing and any assistance with its underlying operating challenges or potential increases to its seed market significantly improve the prospects for its continued development.

Tetraploid SRO: Triploid SRO can grow up to 30% faster than normal SRO and commonly have a significantly longer marketability window. Accordingly, many framers have eagerly awaited the supply of more triploid seed. In order for this to occur new techniques that overcome the shortcomings of direct induction are required - techniques that don't involve the direct application of harmful chemicals to what will eventually be a foodstuff.

Gamete preservation: Currently techniques for strip spawning SRO gametes typically results in the destruction of valuable broodstock and the collection of many more gametes than are required immediately. The capacity to simply and cheaply store gametes for relatively short periods of time offers a number of advantages. Once the hatchery operator is satisfied with the performance of gametes (usually apparent within hours to days) gametes could be shared with other hatcheries. This is particularly valuable where brood stock are scarce because of time of year or they are from a limited population in a breeding program. If problems occur, stored gametes could be used to commence a second batch without the need to continue to hold and feed broodstock, or to recreate a particular cross (or new crosses) within a breeding program.

Maturation: SRO broodstock can take up to 10 weeks to bring into condition within a hatchery and can consume up to 80% of the algae required for a hatchery production run - this is both time consuming and expensive. Technology that accelerates reproductive condition and then stimulates spawning on demand could significantly reduce these costs.

Objectives

1. 20% of industry with access to triploid SRO
2. Reduce complete hatchery operation costs by 15% through a reduction in time for oyster conditioning
3. Increase SRO breeding program reliability

Final report

ISBN: 978-1-76058-361-3
Authors: Michael Dove (NSW DPI) Saowaros Suwansa-ard (USC) Abigail Elizur (USC) Rebecca Seeto (UoN) John Clulow (UoN) Zamira Gibb (UoN) Tomer Abramov (USC) Stephan O’Connor (NSW DPI) Greg Kent (NSW DPI) Wayne O’Connor (NSW DPI)
Final Report • 2020-01-01 • 5.88 MB
2016-803-DLD.pdf

Summary

Hatchery production of Sydney Rock Oysters (SROs, Saccostrea glomerata) is a costly and high risk activity for the breeding program and industry exacerbated by factors such as: reliance on hatchery conditioning, low fertilisation success using strip-spawned gametes, extended larval rearing period compared to Pacific Oysters (Crassostrea gigas), and variable settlement rates. This project, one of a number that comprised the Future Oysters Coopoerative Research Centre project (Future Oysters CRC-P), was developed through discussions with the SRO industry hatchery sector and was designed to target specific hatchery production challenges.
Final Report • 2020-01-01 • 5.88 MB
2016-803-DLD.pdf

Summary

Hatchery production of Sydney Rock Oysters (SROs, Saccostrea glomerata) is a costly and high risk activity for the breeding program and industry exacerbated by factors such as: reliance on hatchery conditioning, low fertilisation success using strip-spawned gametes, extended larval rearing period compared to Pacific Oysters (Crassostrea gigas), and variable settlement rates. This project, one of a number that comprised the Future Oysters Coopoerative Research Centre project (Future Oysters CRC-P), was developed through discussions with the SRO industry hatchery sector and was designed to target specific hatchery production challenges.
Final Report • 2020-01-01 • 5.88 MB
2016-803-DLD.pdf

Summary

Hatchery production of Sydney Rock Oysters (SROs, Saccostrea glomerata) is a costly and high risk activity for the breeding program and industry exacerbated by factors such as: reliance on hatchery conditioning, low fertilisation success using strip-spawned gametes, extended larval rearing period compared to Pacific Oysters (Crassostrea gigas), and variable settlement rates. This project, one of a number that comprised the Future Oysters Coopoerative Research Centre project (Future Oysters CRC-P), was developed through discussions with the SRO industry hatchery sector and was designed to target specific hatchery production challenges.

Future Oysters CRC-P: Accelerated Sydney Rock Oyster (SRO) Breeding Research

Project number: 2016-802
Project Status:
Completed
Budget expenditure: $504,661.52
Principal Investigator: Michael Dove
Organisation: Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development (NSW)
Project start/end date: 30 Aug 2016 - 30 Aug 2019
Contact:
FRDC

Need

Progress in the Sydney rock oyster breeding program is constrained by a number of factors, in particular the number of families that are produced and how they are selected and tested. This program will accelerate SRO breeding progress in three key areas; by producing more families, earlier in each production year and using new methods for family selection.

Objectives

1. By 2019 to have doubled the number of family lines currently planned for the SOCo breeding program
2. To reduce the generation time for QX resistance TO 1 year and to reduce the generation time for winter mortality resistance BY 1 year
3. To have confirmed the value of "stress markers" in selective breeding of Sydney rock oysters

Final report

ISBN: 978-1-76058-356-9
Authors: Michael Dove (NSW DPI) Peter Kube (CSIRO) Curtis Lind (CSIRO) Vivian Cumbo (Macquarie University) David Raftos (Macquarie University) Wayne O’Connor (NSW DPI)
Final Report • 2020-01-01 • 1.30 MB
2016-802-DLD.pdf

Summary

This project focussed on increasing genetic resistance of Select Oyster Company (SOCo) breeding program Sydney rock oyster (Saccostrea glomerata, SRO) families to QX disease and winter mortality (WM) disease. NSW DPI has worked collaboratively with SOCo to develop a SRO family-based breeding program (BP) to replace the mass selection program used to develop fast growth and disease resistance since 1991. Family-based breeding has a number of distinct advantages over mass selection including; increased genetic gains, ability to select for disease resistance under biosecure conditions, improved selection methods for multiple traits, better estimates of genetic gains and trends as well as control over inbreeding. Annual family breeding runs commenced in 2014 to establish the SOCo breeding program. An FRDC project (2015-230) provided genetic expertise to establish and refine breeding methodology for a family-based breeding program.
The next step was greater understanding of the genetic parameters for QX and WM disease and how these related to other traits under selection, growth and meat condition. Genetic progress could be achieved by increasing the numbers of families available for selection, improved understanding of the genetic architecture of traits and reducing the length of breeding cycles for disease resistance. NSW DPI, SOCo, genetic specialists at CSIRO and oyster researchers at Macquarie University developed a multidisciplinary research program to deliver genetic progress for the SOCo breeding program.
Final Report • 2020-01-01 • 1.30 MB
2016-802-DLD.pdf

Summary

This project focussed on increasing genetic resistance of Select Oyster Company (SOCo) breeding program Sydney rock oyster (Saccostrea glomerata, SRO) families to QX disease and winter mortality (WM) disease. NSW DPI has worked collaboratively with SOCo to develop a SRO family-based breeding program (BP) to replace the mass selection program used to develop fast growth and disease resistance since 1991. Family-based breeding has a number of distinct advantages over mass selection including; increased genetic gains, ability to select for disease resistance under biosecure conditions, improved selection methods for multiple traits, better estimates of genetic gains and trends as well as control over inbreeding. Annual family breeding runs commenced in 2014 to establish the SOCo breeding program. An FRDC project (2015-230) provided genetic expertise to establish and refine breeding methodology for a family-based breeding program.
The next step was greater understanding of the genetic parameters for QX and WM disease and how these related to other traits under selection, growth and meat condition. Genetic progress could be achieved by increasing the numbers of families available for selection, improved understanding of the genetic architecture of traits and reducing the length of breeding cycles for disease resistance. NSW DPI, SOCo, genetic specialists at CSIRO and oyster researchers at Macquarie University developed a multidisciplinary research program to deliver genetic progress for the SOCo breeding program.
Final Report • 2020-01-01 • 1.30 MB
2016-802-DLD.pdf

Summary

This project focussed on increasing genetic resistance of Select Oyster Company (SOCo) breeding program Sydney rock oyster (Saccostrea glomerata, SRO) families to QX disease and winter mortality (WM) disease. NSW DPI has worked collaboratively with SOCo to develop a SRO family-based breeding program (BP) to replace the mass selection program used to develop fast growth and disease resistance since 1991. Family-based breeding has a number of distinct advantages over mass selection including; increased genetic gains, ability to select for disease resistance under biosecure conditions, improved selection methods for multiple traits, better estimates of genetic gains and trends as well as control over inbreeding. Annual family breeding runs commenced in 2014 to establish the SOCo breeding program. An FRDC project (2015-230) provided genetic expertise to establish and refine breeding methodology for a family-based breeding program.
The next step was greater understanding of the genetic parameters for QX and WM disease and how these related to other traits under selection, growth and meat condition. Genetic progress could be achieved by increasing the numbers of families available for selection, improved understanding of the genetic architecture of traits and reducing the length of breeding cycles for disease resistance. NSW DPI, SOCo, genetic specialists at CSIRO and oyster researchers at Macquarie University developed a multidisciplinary research program to deliver genetic progress for the SOCo breeding program.

Future oysters CRC-P: Enhancing Pacific Oyster breeding to optimise national benefits

Project number: 2016-801
Project Status:
Completed
Budget expenditure: $1,972,777.00
Principal Investigator: Matt Cunningham
Organisation: Australian Seafood Industries Pty Ltd (ASI)
Project start/end date: 19 Jan 2017 - 30 Aug 2019
Contact:
FRDC

Need

The introduction of POMS to Tasmania has resulted in an increased requirement for POMS resistant oysters nationally. The Tasmanian industry has an urgent requirement to allow the industry to rebuild towards sustainability for those areas currently affected by the disease and for protection for those areas which are currently free from it. The South Australian industry, whist free from the disease at this point, also requires POMS resistant oysters so that it can hopefully avoid the crippling losses suffered in Tasmania by having resistant oysters stocked onto their farms prior to any potential outbreaks. New South Wales like Tasmania has areas that have been affected and areas that are free from POMS. Biosecurity restrictions as a result of POMS incursions have added an extra layer of complexity to ensuring that the benefits of the selective breeding program are achieved nationally. As a result there is a requirement for further research to adapt the breeding program to the new paradigm of POMS in Tasmania and permit the industry to recover and be protected from the threat of further expansion of POMS into new areas.

Objectives

1. Design and implement a selective breeding strategy for ASI that meets the immediate and medium term (5 year) needs of the national Pacific Oyster industry.
2. Identify Biosecurity constraints to the movement of ASI stock and develop a strategy to permit optimal flow of benefits across the national industry
3. Review, document and communicate protocols and procedures for the use of OsHV-1 exposed broodstock by hatcheries and the transfer of resulting progeny compliant with State regulations.
4. Redefine the protocols for the laboratory family spat challenge model to improve the predictability of field survival, with the goal of a 70% correlation between the laboratory and field tests and to extend the application of the challenge model to include challenges to larvae.
5. Develop a system, supported by general purpose algorithms that will allow ASI to routinely benchmark the estimated breeding values of ASI POMS resistant families against commercial performance of hatchery stock of known pedigree after exposure to OsHV-1 at different life stages.
6. Document and implement strategy to allow use, within the breeding program, of male and female broodstock at 1 year
7. Develop and verify an SNP based genetic test that can discriminate ASI oysters from non-ASI oysters and to identify oysters to family and implement a plan for this test to be commercially available to stakeholders

Final report

ISBN: 978-0-646-81759-0
Authors: Matthew Cunningham Peter Kube Andrew Trotter Xiaoxu Li Peter Kirkland Nick Robinson Greg Smith and Chris Carter
Final Report • 2020-03-01 • 2.27 MB
2016-801-DLD.pdf

Summary

The research was conducted as a direct consequence of the 2016 Pacific Oyster Mortality Syndrome (POMS) outbreak TAS which decimated parts of this State’s Pacific Oyster (Crassostrea gigas) industry and caused numerous flow on effects throughout the entire Australian industry. The project was aimed to allow continuation and improvement of the work that had been undertaken prior to the 2016 outbreak, which was not only a major disruptor to the industry but also the breeding program. New techniques needed to be established to allow continued breeding in TAS in the new POMS paradigm and operations were required to be established in SA due to the biosecurity restrictions brought about by the TAS outbreak. Aspects of the project also looked to increase the rate of genetic gains for POMS resistance by developing additional supporting technologies.
The project was conducted across multiple areas that reflected the objectives of the project. Researchers worked collaboratively to conduct research across breeding strategy development, capacity building in SA, genetic improvement, laboratory and field challenges, accelerated maturation and developing an identification tool.
Final Report • 2020-03-01 • 2.27 MB
2016-801-DLD.pdf

Summary

The research was conducted as a direct consequence of the 2016 Pacific Oyster Mortality Syndrome (POMS) outbreak TAS which decimated parts of this State’s Pacific Oyster (Crassostrea gigas) industry and caused numerous flow on effects throughout the entire Australian industry. The project was aimed to allow continuation and improvement of the work that had been undertaken prior to the 2016 outbreak, which was not only a major disruptor to the industry but also the breeding program. New techniques needed to be established to allow continued breeding in TAS in the new POMS paradigm and operations were required to be established in SA due to the biosecurity restrictions brought about by the TAS outbreak. Aspects of the project also looked to increase the rate of genetic gains for POMS resistance by developing additional supporting technologies.
The project was conducted across multiple areas that reflected the objectives of the project. Researchers worked collaboratively to conduct research across breeding strategy development, capacity building in SA, genetic improvement, laboratory and field challenges, accelerated maturation and developing an identification tool.
Final Report • 2020-03-01 • 2.27 MB
2016-801-DLD.pdf

Summary

The research was conducted as a direct consequence of the 2016 Pacific Oyster Mortality Syndrome (POMS) outbreak TAS which decimated parts of this State’s Pacific Oyster (Crassostrea gigas) industry and caused numerous flow on effects throughout the entire Australian industry. The project was aimed to allow continuation and improvement of the work that had been undertaken prior to the 2016 outbreak, which was not only a major disruptor to the industry but also the breeding program. New techniques needed to be established to allow continued breeding in TAS in the new POMS paradigm and operations were required to be established in SA due to the biosecurity restrictions brought about by the TAS outbreak. Aspects of the project also looked to increase the rate of genetic gains for POMS resistance by developing additional supporting technologies.
The project was conducted across multiple areas that reflected the objectives of the project. Researchers worked collaboratively to conduct research across breeding strategy development, capacity building in SA, genetic improvement, laboratory and field challenges, accelerated maturation and developing an identification tool.
Industry
PROJECT NUMBER • 2016-800
PROJECT STATUS:
COMPLETED

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ORGANISATION:
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PROJECT NUMBER • 2016-505
PROJECT STATUS:
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ORGANISATION:
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Industry
Adoption
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PROJECT NUMBER • 2016-418
PROJECT STATUS:
COMPLETED

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ORGANISATION:
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