Adoption of an environmental management systems by NSW commercial estuary fishers and oyster farmers
Driving innovation in environmental performance in the Queensland fishing industry
Environmental performance will be one of the most important drivers of future fishing industry profitability. There is a growing recognition amongst the industry's grass roots that long-term profitability will require maintainence of existing resource and market access - access that is only possible with improved environmental performance and demonstrated triple bottom line sustainability.
Projects that assist in motivating and demonstrating continual improvement in the industry's environmental performance are clearly within industry's interest, and will assist in increasing community and consumer confidence in the sustainability of wild capture fisheries.
Methodologies to assist in motivating and demonstrating continual environmental improvement in the seafood industry have been the subject of significant investment at the policy level but remain largely unimplemented on the ground at broad scale. This project aims to roll out 'green chooser' (FRDC 2000/146) derived EMS methodologies across two broad scale pilot project areas both subject to a high degree of community scrutiny (Moreton Bay, Cairns inshore fishery). In doing so the project will 'road test' the existing green chooser EMS model and refine it where necessary to ensure it is relevant to the needs of grass roots industry.
In addition, improvement of incentives for adoption of best practice will greatly assist industry environmental performance while providing significant opportunities to reduce management and compliance costs. In the long-term, the project aims to improve overall industry profitability by assisting Queensland fishers demonstrate the benefits of low cost and high performance co-management arrangements.
For collaborative agencies involved fisheries regulation there is a strong recognition that EMS can provide reform mechanisms which are industry driven. Further, for these agencies the project provides an alternate tool to demonstrate that state (e.g. QFS), national and international (e.g. Environment Australia) sustainability obligations are being met. Moreover, the proposed project can offer relevant agencies the opportunity to further streamline, co-ordinate and integrate parallel programs (incl. extension & compliance) at fisher level. These needs are reflected in the high number of collaborative agencies involved in the project.
The recently released mid-review findings of the Seafood Industry Training Package Review recommend a stronger emphasis on environmental awareness and promotion of ESD and environmental management throughout the training package - a need which is also reflected in the Seafood Training Australia’s Strategic Training Plan for 2001-2002.
The proposed project can operationally deliver QFIRAC and FRDC priorities, as envisaged by the FRDC's Environmental Management Systems Initiative (FRDC Project 2000/084). FRDC, in creating its EMS initiative has allocated funds to ensure the persons employed under this initiative and associated industry champions are appropriately trained for their roles. The proposed project can further value add and extend both current (e.g. FRDC 2002/303) and previous research investments (e.g. FRDC 2000/146).
Final report
In response to the success of the Green Chooser Case Studies (FRDC 2000-146) carried out in Queensland from 2000 – 2002 (the Rock Lobster Association and the Gulf of Carpentaria Commercial Fishermen), the Queensland Seafood Industry Association (QSIA) sought funding to trial the development of large scale Environmental Management Systems (EMSs).
The QSIA obtained expressions of interest from two regional professional fishing industry associations – the Moreton Bay Seafood Industry Association (MBSIA) and Ecofish of far north Queensland. This coincided with the creation of a National Seafood EMS Program, building on the Green Chooser studies, with the aim of trialing the development of full EMSs within regions or fisheries. This pilot program was funded by the Natural Heritage Trust (NHT), administered by the Federal Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry (DAFF) and was coordinated by Seafood Services Australia (SSA).
The QSIA achieved a grant from NHT to establish a pilot EMS study in Queensland, which formed part of the National Seafood EMS Program. In order to trial EMS at a large scale within Queensland, a partnership approach to funding the project was employed. The Fisheries Research and Development Corporation (FRDC), the Queensland Environmental Protection Agency (QEPA), the Queensland Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries (QDPI&F), the QSIA, MBISA and Ecofish became the primary funding/support bodies for the project in addition to SSA.
The scope of the project was set so that two pilot project groups were established in Queensland. One group was affiliated with Ecofish and positioned in far north Queensland. The other was tied to the MBSIA and located in Moreton Bay (south-east Queensland). The original FRDC contract stipulated that two EMS officers would facilitate the development of EMSs, with one officer based in each region.
Keywords: Environmental Management Systems, Ecologically Sustainable Development, natural resource management, fisheries, commercial fishing.
Evaluation of alternative strategies for management of Commonwealth fisheries in southeastern Australia
As part of a move towards EBFM, there is a clear need to identify the variety of management measures in place across fisheries within the region, and to evaluate a range of comprehensive and “integrated” management strategies that would best meet the needs of all fisheries across the full range of management objectives. The AFMA Board has recently signalled that it wants the MACs in the region to consider these issues, and particularly the implementation of a wider mix of strategies for managing fisheries, including time and area closures and gear modifications, in addition to existing output controls such as TACs. This project will assemble the information and provide the analytical tools to undertake such evaluations. A carefully evaluated set of management strategies would support the existing management process (including the MACs, AFMA management, and the National Oceans Office) in developing an operational management plan for south eastern fisheries that is tightly integrated with other uses of the marine environment in the region, including implementation of the National Representative System of Marine Protected Areas and of the South East Regional Marine Plan. If such a plan can be developed, it would put these fisheries and Australia at the forefront of practical implementation of EBFM. The need is to have all the issues, objectives and options on the table at the same time, to consider simultaneously the impacts of a set of management arrangements in addressing each issue and objective, and to support a process that will arrive at a comprehensive and balanced outcome considering all fishery sectors and all other legitimate stakeholders with interests in the region.
Final report
Byproduct: Catch, economics and co-occurrence in Australias longline fisheries
Developing and implementing measures of economic efficiency in Commonwealth fisheries
Australian fisheries are based on a variety of private uses of resources that are communally owned. The separation of management and use from ownership means that there is a role for regular reporting of the performance of those fisheries. In this context, the use of appropriate indicators to report on how a fishery has performed is an essential part of ensuring the accountability of management. An important component of the management model that has been implemented for Commonwealth fisheries is the public accountability of AFMA.
The reporting of progress against AFMA’s economic efficiency objective has been poor. Information presented in the AFMA annual report has generally been limited to a discussion of changes in the gross value of production in Commonwealth fisheries — this provides little, if any, indication of changes in economic efficiency. The only other regularly published information relevant to the economic performance of Commonwealth fisheries is contained in the Australian Fisheries Survey Report, published annually by ABARE. For selected Commonwealth fisheries, these surveys provide information about the financial performance of the fishing fleet and estimates of the net economic returns from management. While net return estimates are a useful starting point for examining economic efficiency in a fishery, they do not account for the impact of exogenous factors such as changes in input and output prices, movements in exchange rates and variations in environmental factors.
There is a need for the development of suite of robust indicators of economic efficiency movements that can be effectively applied across Commonwealth fisheries. Once developed these indicators will provide a basis for reporting progress against the economic efficiency objective and, perhaps more importantly, provide fisheries managers with information to guide the development of economically efficient management policies. Management regimes, through controlling the total level of harvests (by whatever means) and contributing to the incentive structure that fishers operate within will determine whether a fishery is economically efficient.
This research is consistent with the Key Research Area 1.1 (b) identified in the AFMA Strategic Research Plan 1999-2004. It is also consistent with the Resources Sustainability: Status of fish stocks, environment and industry program of the Fisheries Resources Research Fund.
Final report
ESD Reporting and Assessment Subprogram: a social assessment handbook for use by Australian fisheries managers in ESD assessment and monitoring
Social assessment is an area of fisheries management that has received little attention and has been identified as a priority by the Standing Committee on Fisheries and Aquaculture (SCFA). Assessing social impacts can inform the choice between management options that have similar resource and economic outcomes, but which may have significantly different social impacts. Additionally, understanding the social implications of fisheries management decisions or policy approaches may enable co-ordinated government approaches that eases transitions associated with any structural adjustment processes in the industry.
The project will produce a Handbook that will enable all Australian fisheries to finalise their SCFA assessment process using an approach to social assessment that is consistent with the issues and values articulated in Section 6 “Impacts of the Fishery on Community Wellbeing” and Section 7 “Impacts of the Fishery on National socio-economic benefits”. The Handbook will provide a social assessment framework and guidance on methods/approaches for each stage of a social assessment that will assist practitioners to develop skills and confidence to undertake or commission assessments. Use of the Handbook will also facilitate increased awareness of potential social impacts and improve the planning and management of social impacts, amongst fisheries managers. This project includes a case study to trial the Handbook and will provide an illustration of the application of social assessment principles and practices.
The Handbook will be useful to both fisheries managers, to facilitate resource use decisions, and to the industry through providing a further basis for discussion and negotiation around resource use and access.
Final report
Project products
Spatial scales of exploitation among populations of demersal scalefish: implications for wetline management
Developing tagging models and validating assumptions for estimating key fishery assessment parameters in rock lobster fisheries
There is a common need in the assessment of all fisheries to obtain precise estimates of exploitation rates and/or biomass. In the Tasmanian rock lobster fishery, biomass is a key performance indicator and change in biomass is the primary driver for recommendations of future Total Allowable Commercial Catch (TACC) allocations by the Fisheries Advisory Committee. In recognition of this need, both the Tasmanian
Government (1992-1997) and FRDC (1997-2001) have funded projects to investigate methods to estimate biomass independent of the fishery.
Fishery independent estimates are essential because estimates derived from fisher’s catch and effort are often biased as exemplified by the change in the link between catch rate and abundance following the introduction of the ITQ management system in Tasmania (FRDC 1999/140). Although initially promising, exploitation rate and biomass estimates based on changes in the population during the fishing season proved unreliable (FRDC 1997/101). Both the Industry and Managers have identified the need to explore new methods to obtain precise estimates of these important performance indicators.
Multi-year tagging models have been identified as a promising way of estimating these parameters because they address the failings (variable catchability and recruitment) in the population derived estimators. Initial trials in northwestern Tasmania proved very successful and support the potential of this approach. However, tag returns from fishers are unpredictable and there is an immediate need to
determine ways of improving tag reporting rate to optimise the output of tag based models. Furthermore, the models applied to northwestern Tasmania relied on a minimum of two tagging events occurring each fishing season. As each tagging event occurred during a different period of the moult cycle, there is a need to validate the tag retention and tag induced mortality rates associated with these different tagging times. Other factors relating to size, sex, damage and their interactions with different tagging times also need further investigation. A careful evaluation of other means of improving the precision of estimates from tagging models is seen as necessary, prior to the implementation of a large scale tagging program.
Validating the assumptions associated with the use of tagging models, demonstrating ways to test for these assumptions and the precision of fishery assessment outputs is needed prior to recommending these models for use in other fisheries.