Fuel is a vital, but costly, input to seafood production, accounting for up to 30% of the operating costs of a fishing vessel in Australia. An estimated 270 million litres of diesel fuel is currently consumed in Australian fisheries each year, as well as a substantial amount of petrol. Australia...

Small pelagic fishes such as Australian Sardine, Blue Mackerel, Jack Mackerel and Redbait are known as forage or low trophic level species (Pikitch et al. 2012). They are critical components of pelagic ecosystems and important prey items for a range of predatory fishes, seabirds and marine mammals...