Shark Futures: Sustainable management of the NSW whaler shark fishery
National Guidelines to develop fishery harvest strategies
There is need for a coordinated, nationally consistent approach to developing harvest strategies for Australian fisheries. The Commonwealth Harvest Strategies Policy and Guidelines (2007) provide a foundation for harvest strategy development in Commonwealth managed fisheries. AFMF has identified the need to build upon these strategies to encompass fisheries managed by both Commonwealth and State Governments. The proposed project will deliver an agreed set of overarching principles for Harvest Strategies across Australia.
Presently, the key elements of harvest strategies (defined objectives, indicators, assessments, reference points, trigger points and decision rules) vary in their implementation across jurisdictions. There are also gaps for some mixed sector fisheries where recreational or indigenous sectors dominate and/or commercial fisheries have low data.
The AFMF, in consultation with FRDC, recognise:
- There is a common objective of ESD across jurisdictions
- Harvest Strategies need to balance flexibility (to allow for changing circumstances) with providing certainty for how a fishery will be managed
- Harvest Strategies for shared/straddling stocks need further consideration and collaboration across jurisdictions to enhance stock management and data sharing
- A multi-jurisdictional harvest strategy for a shared stock will assist fisheries managers, industry and others with facilitating trade between states and managing the impacts of climate change.
- There are common challenges across jurisdictions to develop and apply harvest strategies in data poor fisheries; and incorporating non-commercial sectors into harvest strategies.
- Further work is required to include economic goals and indicators in harvest strategies, and subsequently on economic data collection
- Further work is required to identify recreational and social objectives and indicators.
The proposed project will focus on components of fisheries management considered less developed than other areas. These areas are:
- Cross-jurisdictional fisheries management arrangements
- Recreational fisheries management arrangements
- Incorporating triple bottom line analysis into fisheries management decision-making
Final report
The National Guidelines aim to provide practical technical assistance to all government fisheries management agencies in Australia (State, Territory and Commonwealth) to develop fishery-specific harvest strategies and to facilitate a consistent and more harmonized approach across fisheries throughout Australia. The National Guidelines aim to help inform policy makers involved in the development of over-arching harvest strategy policies and assist in ensuring a national best-practice approach to the development of such policies. A national approach to harvest strategy development will enable common challenges to be addressed in a consistent and coordinated manner, thereby avoiding unnecessary duplication of effort and resources, and ensuring more targeted investment in ways to address common challenges.
Project products
Tactical Research Fund: Using innovative techniques to analyse trends in abundance for non-target species
EBFM requires performance indicators for a wide range of species that interact with fisheries, and systems to monitor those performance indicators. However, there is no routine monitoring of the status of the many commercially important byproduct and bycatch species. The assessment of these non-target species remains important in terms of the Commonwealth Harvest Strategy Policy and AFMA have expressed a need for a solution to how to assess the relative status of these species. Such monitoring is required for strategic assessment under the EPBC Act (1997).
Most of non-target species are not under quota and while not directly targeted they can still experience significant fishing mortality and add value to the landed catch. Currently, if they are assessed at all, the assessments merely apply the same strategies as adopted for target species. There is often a perception that CPUE should be disregarded “because the species was not targeted”. There is a need to determine whether alternative methods should be applied to such species that take into account the fact that their catch is incidental to the main activities of the fishers and hence the fishery dependent data for the non-target species will have different qualities. By definition these fisheries are multi-species in nature and this too can complicate their assessment. Technically this is not a trivial problem and more clarity is needed concerning the scope of the issue and how to deal with it. Rather than launch immediately into a relatively long term attempt at finding a solution, a more efficient approach is proposed that involves expert examination and rapid review to map the road ahead. Hence there is a need to conduct workshops aimed at clarifying the management requirements and the most cost effective approach to solving these management issues, which apply to all multi-species data poor fisheries.
Final report
PIRSA Innovative Solutions 3: biosecurity risk assessment and development of standardised mitigation for tuna and finfish aquaculture
Proposed Standards and Guidelines for Bycatch Management in Commonwealth Fisheries
Through its policy on fisheries bycatch, the Commonwealth acknowledges that ecological sustainable development must be based on a strategic approach to addressing bycatch interactions. There is a need to mitigate fishery interactions with non-target species, particularly threatened, endangered and protected (TEP) species, consistent with AFMA’s aim of promoting the sustainable use of fisheries resources by conserving marine ecosystems and biodiversity. Industry, AFMA and researchers have previously collaborated to address bycatch issues in Commonwealth fisheries, with outputs including the implementation of mitigation devices in specific fisheries, the development of bycatch action plans, bycatch workplans and the ecological risk management (ERM) process. In many cases, however, industry cannot readily demonstrate the benefits of these activities, which is critical for differentiating Australian seafood products from those of less environmentally-friendly competitors.
There is a need for an overarching approach to bycatch mitigation to ensure consistent standards across fisheries and transparent indicators of performance. Bycatch issues are often fisheries specific, but the development of mitigation strategies in individual fisheries needs to address the same core elements, e.g. stakeholder consultation, performance testing, monitoring and compliance. Standards are required to ensure that each of these core elements are adequately addressed in response to the emergence of a bycatch issue.
Standards will also assist the fishing industry in fostering positive public perception and meeting legislative requirements, e.g. strategic assessments under the EPBC Act . Standards are particularly important to fisheries seeking to move to co-management where there is a need for greater transparency and accountability.