Design and implementation of an Australian National Bycatch Report: Phase 1 - Scoping
The purposes of this project are:
To design and implement a national bycatch report system, facilitated by the FRDC, that meets the current and foreseeable medium term future needs of all Australian fisheries management agencies, including for reporting within jurisdictions and internationally.
- To ensure that this report system is initially feasible using available information, but that it is also scalable to be able to
Over the past decade, increasing awareness or international efforts on the need for protection of certain vulnerable species groups, such as seabirds, marine mammals and turtles, has already resulted in numerous plans of action, fisheries management plans, increased monitoring and development of mitigation measures to reduce impacts on these species. This project would pull together the reporting requirements under all of these individual initiatives to provide guidance on reporting across all Australian fisheries.
There are existing Australian requirements for bycatch and protected species interaction reporting driven by environmental legislation, such as the reporting requirements for species listed or nominated for listing, or requiring export approval, under the Commonwealth EPBC Act. The emphasis on requirements for improved reporting of bycatch and discards under policies such as the revised Commonwealth Bycatch Policy (DAWR 2017), and increased government and public expectation for improved reporting on broader aspects of fisheries environmental responsibility, has increased the need for regular reporting on bycatch.
Most regional fisheries management organisations, including those of which Australia is a member or cooperating party (the Commission for Conservation of Southern Bluefin Tuna - CCSBT, the West and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission - WCPFC, the South Pacific Regional Fisheries Management Organisation - SPRFMO and the Indian Ocean Tuna Commission - IOTC) have requirements to mitigate risks to specified protected species groups, and to report on interactions with such species. Increasingly, other governments (such as the United States and European Union) are also requiring fish imports to meet requirements relating to risk reduction for bycatch and protected species.
Sensory testing of seafood - fresh versus frozen - and development of frozen seafood recipes
The FRDC has developed a range of materials that assist consumer to better understand seafood - seafood user manual, Eyre Peninsula Seafood Guide, flavour wheel, etc. however little material has been developed to address consumer needs on preparing seafood in a way that reduces smell or touching.
In looking at the recipes developed as part of the seafood user manual, many are now dated and do not reflect the current simplified approach to cooking used by Australian consumers.
Some recipe development has been undertaken by the Alaskan Seafood Marketing Institute - and could possibly be used as a base for adaptation to local species.
Final report
There is a strong negative perception of frozen fish amongst consumers, with many considering that frozen product is of inferior quality compared to ‘fresh’ (chilled) fish. The resistance to purchase frozen fish continues, despite modern freezing technology and practices resulting in frozen product that remains as premium quality for longer than chilled fish.
Project products
TASSAL: Developing kelp culture in Tasmania
TSGA IPA: CSIRO: reducing the burden of gill disease
Linking ecosystem services to the profitability of prawn fisheries linked to 2017-188
Identification and Analysis of Non-Tariff Measures and Quantification of their Impact on Australian Finfish Exports
Undertaking an audit and assessment of past Australian aquaculture research, development and extension for all species, to determine what factors led to successful or not successful development of the aquaculture species
To meet the projected seafood demand by 2030 Australian aquaculture needs to increase its rate of growth in both production and competitiveness (FRDC 2016). Extensive R&D efforts have been invested in more than 90 aquaculture species over the last five decades in Australia. Nonetheless, fewer than 10% of these species have reach recognized production in either tonnage or value. Presently, only Atlantic salmon, tiger prawn, barramundi and oysters are considered as major aquaculture species in Australia. This highlights the need to identify possible gaps in our research and extension activities, and the barriers to successful commercialization of new aquaculture species.
Importantly, research interest alone is unlikely to be sufficient to drive aquaculture production of targeted species. The observed limited production or lack of investment in new species may indicate differences in new species preferences among the relevant stakeholders, i.e. scientists, consumers, traders, investors, producers, policy makers and regulators. These differing perspectives should therefore be analysed to provide a better understanding of the conditions required for successful development of a new aquaculture species.
The project proposed here - “Auditing research effort on aquaculture species and industry adoption for production growth” - is consistent with national priorities and strategies of both FRDC and CSIRO. Under the FRDC’s Research, Development and Extension (RD&E) Plan 2015-20, one of three national priorities is to develop new or emerging aquaculture growth opportunities with the aim of delivering RD&E to help promote the establishment of one or two species at commercial scale production. To address this priority the FRDC has established the New and Emerging Aquaculture Opportunities (NEAO) subprogram. Similarly, CSIRO Aquaculture has continuously emphasized the importance of delivering innovative impacts that transform aquaculture production in more-sustainable ways. This implies either removing identified barriers for current aquaculture species or investing in targeted strategic R&D on carefully-selected new species in collaboration with industrial partners.
Final report
This report presents the results of an FRDC project that audited research effort and industry adoption for aquaculture species in Australia and overseas. The goal was to identify opportunities and barriers for commercial aquaculture production. The study involved online surveys, one for scientists and the other for aquaculture producers/consultants which were designed, tested and conducted from late 2018. It also involved interviews, and data collection from experts and stakeholders. Key findings include the need for more investment in RD&E as it is recommended that RD&E should focus on improving production efficiencies for aquaculture of the more consolidated species, challenges related to seed supply and disease risks, and a recommendation to focus on efficient production for key aquaculture species in Australia. The report suggests strategies for stakeholders, industry investors, consumers, and scientists to support aquaculture development in Australia.
Real time monitoring of water quality and mechanisation of pond management to boost productivity and increase profit
Aquaculture is conducted largely on experience often driven by “gut-feel” in response to biological demands and environmental constraints of production systems. Aquaculture is often described as a “black-box”, as data and analytics to make informed decisions are often absent, not routinely collected or in a form that is readily analysed.
Due to a low appetite for risk and inaccurate or sparse environmental data, overcompensation of energy and nutritional resources often occur, raising the cost of production. The implementation of real-time monitoring and sensor network systems can drive increased efficiencies, boost yields, minimise waste and help aquaculture ecosystems fulfil their potential. Similarly, the novel application of existing energy saving technologies to the aquaculture sector may provide early opportunities for reduced production costs and improved animal growth and survival.
The Australian Barramundi farming industry needs to increase efficiency to reduce costs to assist when competing against low cost imported fish coming into the market. Automation is one of the disruptive technologies the ABFA will be looking into.
This project concept was identified as a priority area of R&D by the ABFA at its latest R&D Meeting (Darwin 2017).